A record of Appalachian denudation in postrift Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary deposits of the U.S. Middle Atlantic continental margin

Poag, C. Wylie; Sevon, W. D.

doi:10.1016/0169-555x(89)90009-3

Cited by 236 publications

(290 citation statements)

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“…Tectonic uplift of the Appalachian Highlands during the middle Miocene (e.g. Poag et al, 1989;Pazzaglia and Brandon, 1996;Gallen et al, 2013) increased the altitudinal gradient, promoting the expansion of conifers at higher elevations, as characterises the region today (Delcourt et al, 1984). Oboh et al, 1996;2, 10, 11: e.g.…”

Section: Geographical and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vice versa, an uplift of mountain ranges could cause a shift in vegetation and a temperature decrease. Poag and Sevon (1989), Pazzaglia and Brandon (1996), and Gallen et al (2013) discuss an uplift phase of the Appalachian Highlands (Fig. 1) during the middle Miocene based on sedimentation rates at the U.S. Atlantic continental margin and on analyses from the Cullasaja River basin (Southern Appalachian Highlands).…”

Section: Clim Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Eocene to middle Miocene (33 to 13 million years ago) vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain (IODP Expedition 313, Site M0027)

Kotthoff¹,

Greenwood

McCarthy

et al. 2014

Clim. Past

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Abstract.We investigated the palynology of sediment cores from Site M0027 of IODP (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program) Expedition 313 on the New Jersey shallow shelf to examine vegetation and climate dynamics on the east coast of North America between 33 and 13 million years ago and to assess the impact of over-regional climate events on the region. Palynological results are complemented with pollenbased quantitative climate reconstructions. Our results indicate that the hinterland vegetation of the New Jersey shelf was characterized by oak-hickory forests in the lowlands and conifer-dominated vegetation in the highlands from the early Oligocene to the middle Miocene. The Oligocene witnessed several expansions of conifer forest, probably related to cooling events. The pollen-based climate data imply an increase in annual temperatures from ∼ 11.5 • C to more than 16 • C during the Oligocene.The Mi-1 cooling event at the onset of the Miocene is reflected by an expansion of conifers and mean annual temperature decrease of ∼ 4 • C, from ∼ 16 • C to ∼ 12 • C around 23 million years before present. Relatively low annual temperatures are also recorded for several samples during an interval around ∼ 20 million years before present, which may reflect the Mi-1a and the Mi-1aa cooling events. Generally, the Miocene ecosystem and climate conditions were very similar to those of the Oligocene. Miocene grasslands, as known from other areas in the USA during that time period, are not evident for the hinterland of the New Jersey shelf, possibly reflecting moisture from the proto-Gulf Stream.The palaeovegetation data reveal stable conditions during the mid-Miocene climatic optimum at ∼ 15 million years before present, with only a minor increase in deciduousevergreen mixed forest taxa and a decrease in swamp forest taxa. Pollen-based annual temperature reconstructions show average annual temperatures of ∼ 14 • C during the midMiocene climatic optimum, ∼ 2 • C higher than today, but ∼ 1.5 • C lower than preceding and following phases of the Miocene. We conclude that vegetation and regional climate in the hinterland of the New Jersey shelf did not react as sensitively to Oligocene and Miocene climate changes as other regions in North America or Europe due to the moderating effects of the North Atlantic. An additional explanation for the relatively low regional temperatures reconstructed for the mid-Miocene climatic optimum could be an uplift of the Appalachian Mountains during the Miocene, which would also have influenced the catchment area of our pollen record.

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Section: Geographical and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clim Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Eocene to middle Miocene (33 to 13 million years ago) vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain (IODP Expedition 313, Site M0027)

Kotthoff¹,

Greenwood

McCarthy

et al. 2014

Clim. Past

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“…Subsequently, remnants of landscapes of similar antiquity were suggested from the Americas, Asia, and Europe (e.g., Curtis et al 1958;Demangeot 1978;Poag and Sevon 1989;Briceñ o and Schubert 1990;Twidale and Vidal Romani 1994;Battiau-Queney 1997).…”

Section: The Problem: the Age Of Old Paleosurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Mesozoic (?Triassic) Landscapes in Australia: Evidence, Argument, and Implications

Twidale¹

2000

The Journal of Geology

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A B S T R A C TAustralia has strong claims to be known as the old continent. In addition to landscapes of later Cretaceous-early Tertiary derivation, remnants of early Mesozoic (Triassic-Jurassic) surfaces, which are part of the contemporary landscape, are also recognized. Being of etch type, they have two ages: one referring to the period of preparation by subsurface weathering and the other to their date of exposure. In many instances, exposure can be dated and the period of preparatory weathering closely inferred. Such old paleosurfaces are demonstrated on Kangaroo Island and are strongly implied in, for example, the Flinders, Gawler, and MacDonnell Ranges; in Arnhem Land and the Arcoona Plateaus; in many parts of the Eastern Uplands; and on several bornhardts in the Yilgarn and Gawler Cratons. They reinforce the suggestion that once in positive relief and shedding water, surfaces persist with little change for long periods. Such ancient features are incompatible with several well-known models of landscape evolution. The chronologies and events they imply extend our understanding of the landscape in the chronological context. They add to our knowledge of Earth's history.

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“…The Quaternary saw large volumes of sediment eroded from the North American continent by glacial processes, with deposition by large river systems along the Georges Bank shelf edge (Schlee and Fritsch, 1982) and along the southern New England shelf. Beyond the extent of glaciers, the large river systems that underlie the present Hudson, Delaware, and Chesapeake estuaries extended across the shelf with shelfedge deltas built off the Virginia and Delaware coasts, while the Hudson Canyon system transferred sediment to a deep-sea fan (Poag and Sevon, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the early Middle Jurassic a nearly continuous carbonate platform and barrier reef system formed that stretched northward from the Bahamas to the Canadian margin (Poag, 1991). Deposition during the Cenozoic was primarily siliciclastic sediments (Poag and Sevon, 1989) except during the Eocene when calcareous chalk was deposited along much of the margin (Weed et al, 1974). The Quaternary saw large volumes of sediment eroded from the North American continent by glacial processes, with deposition by large river systems along the Georges Bank shelf edge (Schlee and Fritsch, 1982) and along the southern New England shelf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Submarine Mass Movements Along The U.S. Atlantic Continental Margin: Implications For Tsunami Hazards

Chaytor

Twichell

Brink

et al. 2007

Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences

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Interest in the generation of tsunamis by submarine mass movements has warranted a reassessment of their distribution and the nature of submarine landslides offshore of the eastern U.S. The recent acquisition and analysis of multibeam bathymetric data over most of this continental slope and rise provides clearer view into the extent and style of mass movements on this margin. Debris flows appear to be the dominant type of mass movement, although some translational slides have also been identified. Areas affected by mass movements range in size from less than 9 km 2 to greater than 15,200 km 2 and reach measured thicknesses of up to 70 m. Failures are seen to originate on either the openslope or in submarine canyons. Slope-sourced failures are larger than canyon-sourced failures, suggesting they have a higher potential for tsunami generation although the volume of material displaced during individual failure events still needs to be refined. The slope-sourced failures are most common offshore of the northern, glaciated part of the coast, but others are found downslope of shelf-edge deltas and near salt diapirs, suggesting that several geological conditions control their distribution.

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A record of Appalachian denudation in postrift Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary deposits of the U.S. Middle Atlantic continental margin

Cited by 236 publications

References 26 publications

Late Eocene to middle Miocene (33 to 13 million years ago) vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain (IODP Expedition 313, Site M0027)

Late Eocene to middle Miocene (33 to 13 million years ago) vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain (IODP Expedition 313, Site M0027)

Early Mesozoic (?Triassic) Landscapes in Australia: Evidence, Argument, and Implications

Revisiting Submarine Mass Movements Along The U.S. Atlantic Continental Margin: Implications For Tsunami Hazards

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