A reconstruction of Jostedalsbreen during the Little Ice Age and geometric changes to outlet glaciers since then

Carrivick, Jonathan L.; Andreassen, Liss M.; Nesje, Atle; Yde, Jacob C.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107501

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The latest glacier advance, called the Briksdalsbre Event, occurred in the 1990s as a consequence of decadal increase in winter precipitation (Nesje and Matthews, 2012). Carrivick et al (2022) have estimated that between the Little Ice Age maximum and 2006, the area of Austerdalsbreen decreased from 30.4 km 2 to 19.8 km 2 (35%) while the volume of ice decreased from 4.6 km 3 to 3.2 km 3 (31%). Since 2006, the glacier recession and thinning have accelerated even further.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Little Ice Age maximum, Austerdalsbreen has undergone overall recession with short periods of frontal stagnation or re-advancement (NVE, 2021), which is evident by a series of distinct moraine ridges in the glacier foreland. The latest glacier advance, called the Briksdalsbre Event, occurred in the 1990s as a consequence of decadal increase in winter precipitation(Nesje and Matthews, 2012) Carrivick et al (2022). have estimated that between the Little Ice Age maximum and 2006, the area of Austerdalsbreen decreased from 30.4 km 2 to 19.8 km 2 (35%) while the volume of ice decreased from 4.6 km 3 to 3.2 km 3…”

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Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders

et al. 2022

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Glacier forelands provide important sites to study climate-forced ecological succession because a chronosequence is apparent along a single valley. However, most studies of invertebrate succession in forelands provide a single snapshot of community assemblage patterns. With glaciers retreating rapidly worldwide, it is important to begin re-surveying community composition and assessing changes in relation to new terrain revealed by the retreating ice. In this study, we repeat a survey of spiders and beetles along the glacier foreland of the sub-alpine glacier Austerdalsbreen in western Norway, 15 years after an initial assessment in 2004, during which time the glacier has retreated 400 m. Invertebrates were sampled in 18 sites that represent a terrain age gradient of approximately 10–250 years since glacier recession. Forty spider species and 70 beetle species were identified, constituting the richest record in Nordic glacier forelands for these two taxonomic groups. Furthermore, three distinctive stages of succession were determined using TWINSPAN and NMDS: (1) a pioneer colonizer stage; (2) an intermediate successional stage; and (3) two late colonizer stages. Additionally, a species group of omnipresent species was identified. The transition from pioneer stage to early succession was characterized by a high degree of taxonomic replacement. Compared to the findings in 2004, we found that the composition of species groups on relatively old terrain is becoming more similar, while the differences between the species groups on the younger terrain are widening. This discrepancy is discussed in relation to climate warming, which potentially facilitates faster establishment of vegetation and early successional invertebrates and may therefore increase competition stress for cold-adapted pioneer species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders

et al. 2022

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“…Marginal moraines show that Langedalsbreen was significantly larger (27.2 km 2 ) during the Little Ice Age than at present (20.9 km 2 ; Carrivick et al . 2022). Also, the Little Ice Age glacier front of Opptaksbreen above the alluvial fan was located further downslope just above the apex, indicating a reduction in area from 9.5 to 7.7 km 2 at present (Carrivick et al .…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the Little Ice Age glacier front of Opptaksbreen above the alluvial fan was located further downslope just above the apex, indicating a reduction in area from 9.5 to 7.7 km 2 at present (Carrivick et al . 2022). As a result, the fan was directly affected by variations in water discharge and sediment yield.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphy and age of a Neoglacial sedimentary succession of proglacial outwash and an alluvial fan in Langedalen, Veitastrond, western Norway

Nesje

Rüther

Yde

2022

Boreas

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This study presents the sedimentary succession of an outwash plain and an alluvial fan located along the valley Langedalen at the south‐eastern side of the Jostedalsbreen ice cap in inner Sogn, western Norway. A newly exposed ~2.8‐m‐high section along the southern riverbank of Langedøla river shows alternating layers of minerogenic sediments and peat layers with tree logs, identified as Salix sp. The section is situated in the distal part of an alluvial fan built out from the southern slope of Langedalen. Six AMS radiocarbon dates of tree fragments indicate that the accumulation of the fine‐grained sediments in the lower part of the section was initiated earlier than the basal radiocarbon date of 914–976 calibrated years CE (1σ age range). These basal, fine‐grained sediments are interpreted as proglacial outwash deposited in a floodplain depression or abandoned river channel in a low‐energy glaciofluvial environment. Periods of low glacier cover, low river discharge or low‐water stands over the floodplain allowed peat formation and the growth of trees and shrubs in the valley. The radiocarbon dates further indicate relatively rapid sediment accretion (~2.7–3 cm a−1) between 190 and 125 cm below the sediment surface, equivalent to approximately 1220 to 1250 cal. a CE (1σ age range). At ~60 cm depth below the surface, dated to approximately 1590 to 1620 cal. a CE (1σ age range), a transition to more coarse‐grained, sandy and gravelly sediments indicates increased sediment supply and distal expansion of the alluvial fan. This occurred most likely as a consequence of increased sediment yield from expanding glaciers along the southern valley side of Langedalen as a response to the initial Little Ice Age glacier growth. Based on these results, the accretion and progradation of glacier‐fed alluvial fans mainly occur during periods of glacier advance rather than during glacier recession.

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The role of topography in landform development at an active temperate glacier in Arctic Norway

Boston

Chandler

Lovell

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Topography exerts a strong control on how glaciers respond to changes in climate. Increased understanding of this role is important for both refining model predictions of future rates of glacier recession and for reconstructing climatic change from the glacial geological record. In this paper, we examine the geomorphological and sedimentological evidence in the foreland of Fingerbreen, a temperate outlet of the plateau icefield Østre Svartisen. The aim is to investigate the relationship between processes of landform generation and the changing influence of topography as recession progressed. The Fingerbreen foreland is dominated by bouldery Little Ice Age moraines and extensive areas of striated bedrock. A heavily fluted zone occurs in the central part of the foreland that is cross‐cut by annual transverse and sawtooth moraines. Systematic investigations of the structural architecture of moraines at various locations in the foreland provide evidence for a range of moraine‐forming processes, which can be linked to the topographic setting (e.g. deposition on a reverse bedrock slope) and drainage conditions. This includes push and bulldozing of proglacial sediments and squeezing of sub‐glacial sediments and submarginal freeze‐on of sediment slabs. We also identify variations in moraine spacing as a result of topography. This research demonstrates the importance of topography when interpreting moraine records in the context of climate and glacier dynamics.

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A reconstruction of Jostedalsbreen during the Little Ice Age and geometric changes to outlet glaciers since then

Cited by 20 publications

References 59 publications

Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders

Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders

Stratigraphy and age of a Neoglacial sedimentary succession of proglacial outwash and an alluvial fan in Langedalen, Veitastrond, western Norway

The role of topography in landform development at an active temperate glacier in Arctic Norway

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