A reconsideration of the safety of fenoxycarb (IGR) in soil environment: The toxicity of fenoxycarb to Yuukianura szeptyckii (Collembola)

Lee, Yun Sik; Son, Jung‐Ho; Wee, June; Kim, Yongeun; Hong, Jinsol; Cho, Kijong

doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2019.12.006

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This confirms the conclusions of the EFSA (2017) that F. candida or F. fimetaria could be representative of other springtails with regard to their toxicological sensitivity. A higher sensitivity of Yuukianura szeptyckii to fenoxycarb compared to F. candida was shown by Lee et al (2020), but it is not clear if this is compound and/or mode of action specific or indicates a general difference in sensitivity between species. This finding should be discussed in the context of considering the specificities of local species in the ERA of PPPs.…”

Section: Single-species Tests (Other Than Standard Species)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Intermediate‐tier options in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil invertebrates—Synthesis of a workshop

Ernst

Amorim

Bottoms

et al. 2023

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The European environmental risk assessment (ERA) of plant protection products follows a tiered approach. The approach for soil invertebrates currently consists of two steps, starting with a Tier 1 assessment based on reproduction toxicity tests with earthworms, springtails, and predatory mites. In case an unacceptable risk is identified at Tier 1, field studies can be conducted as a higher tier option. For soil invertebrates, intermediate tiers are not implemented. Hence, there is limited possibility to include additional information for the ERA to address specific concerns when the Tier 1 fails, as an alternative to e.g., a field study. Calibrated intermediate tier approaches could help to address risks for soil invertebrates with less time and resources but also with sufficient certainty. A multi‐stakeholder workshop was held on 2nd to 4th of March 2022 to discuss potential intermediate tier options, focusing on four possible areas: 1) natural soil testing, 2) single species tests (other than standard species), 3) assessing recovery in laboratory tests, and 4) the use of assembled soil multi‐species test systems. The participants acknowledged a large potential in the intermediate tier options but concluded that some issues need to be clarified before routine application of these approaches in the ERA is possible, i.e., sensitivity, reproducibility, reliability, and standardization of potential new test systems. The definition of suitable assessment factors needed to calibrate the approaches to the Protection Goals was acknowledged. The aims of the workshop were to foster scientific exchange and a data driven dialog, to discuss how the different approaches could be used in the risk assessment, and to identify research priorities for future work to address uncertainties and strengthen the tiered approach in the ERA for soil invertebrates. This paper outlines the background, proposed methods, technical challenges, difficulties and opportunities in the ERA, and conclusions of the workshop.

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Section: Single-species Tests (Other Than Standard Species)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Intermediate‐tier options in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil invertebrates—Synthesis of a workshop

Ernst

Amorim

Bottoms

et al. 2023

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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“…Even though there are more than 9400 Collembola species described (Bellinger et al 1996 –2022), the effects of toxic exposure are only studied using a few, but with indications of differences in species sensitivity (e.g. Lee et al 2020 ; Ferreira et al 2022 ). In the present study, we target Folsomia quadrioculata (Tullberg, 1871) and Hypogastrura viatica (Tullberg, 1872), which both have wide geographical distribution in the northern hemisphere (Convey et al 1999 ; Jensen et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using dietary exposure to determine sub-lethal effects from imidacloprid in two springtail (Collembola) species

Silva,

Kristiansen,

Sengupta

et al. 2023

Ecotoxicology

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Standard toxicity tests expose springtails (Collembola) through soil, while dietary exposure tests with animals visible on a surface are less commonly applied. We refined a method for dietary chemical exposure for two widely distributed and abundant Collembola species: Folsomia quadrioculata and Hypogastrura viatica as existing methods were sub-optimal. Newly hatched Collembola were offered bark with a natural layer of Cyanobacteria that was either moistened with a solution of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid using a micropipette or soaked in the solution overnight. The first method was superior in producing a measured concentration close to the nominal (0.21 and 0.13 mg/kg dry bark, respectively), and resulting in sub-lethal effects as expected. The adult body size was reduced by 8% for both species, but egg production only in H. viatica. Contrastingly, soaked bark resulted in a measured concentration of 8 mg/kg dry bark, causing high mortality and no egg production in either species. Next, we identified the sub-lethal concentration-range by moistening the bark to expose H. viatica to 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.13, 0.43 and 1.2 mg imidacloprid/kg dry bark. Only the highest concentration affected survival, causing a mortality of 77%. Imidacloprid reduced moulting rate and the body size at first reproduction. The age at first reproduction appeared delayed as some replicates did not reproduce within the experiment duration. The method of moistened bark for dietary exposure proved optimal to continuously study life history traits, such as growth and reproductive outcomes, which are important to understand effects on key events crucial for population viability and growth.

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“…Fenoxycarb was developed and marketed in the United States in 1980. This preparation acts on the endocrine system of insects, mimicking the hormone JH, preventing the metamorphosis of an individual -JH does not allow the steroid ecdysone to activate the genes responsible for molting, thereby preventing it [5]. As a result, the transformation from the embryonic state to the larva is disrupted, from the larva to the pupa, and then to the adult reproductive organism -developmental anomalies occur, which reduce the survival of organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the influence of a biorational insecticide of the juvenoid class on the state of fruit cenoses

et al. 2021

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The dominant pests in the apple and plum cenoses are representatives of the tortrix family (Tortricidae) on the apple - the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), on the plum - the plum moth (Grapholitha funebrana Mats.), which develop in the region of southern Russia in three full generations. The loss of yield from the vital activity of these phytophages can reach 60-80%. It has been established that the inclusion of a 2-fold application of the insecticide Insegar, WDG in the apple and plum protection system allows preserving 98.9% of apple fruits and 94.6-99.2% of plum fruits. The stimulating effect of the use of insecticides of the juvenile group on the agrobiological indicators of the apple-tree variety Golden Reinders and the plum Kabardinskaya early was revealed, namely, the increase in the length of the one-year growth. It has been proven that the double application of Insegar, WDG in apple and plum plantations does not lead to violation of hygienic standards for the content of fenoxycarb in soil and fruits.

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A reconsideration of the safety of fenoxycarb (IGR) in soil environment: The toxicity of fenoxycarb to Yuukianura szeptyckii (Collembola)

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Intermediate‐tier options in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil invertebrates—Synthesis of a workshop

Intermediate‐tier options in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil invertebrates—Synthesis of a workshop

Using dietary exposure to determine sub-lethal effects from imidacloprid in two springtail (Collembola) species

Assessment of the influence of a biorational insecticide of the juvenoid class on the state of fruit cenoses

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