A recombinant immunosuppressive protein from Pimpla hypochondriaca (rVPr1) increases the susceptibility of Lacanobia oleracea and Mamestra brassicae larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis

Richards, Elaine H.; Dani, Mária

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2010.01.010

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The experimental approach adopted here did not alter the midgut environment in any detectable way, but simply acted on the defense response by selectively decreasing the transcript level of a gene expressed in the hemocytes, which controls cellular immunity. This allowed a down-regulation of immunocompetence without using immunosuppressive molecules (26,34), which may have unintended effects on a range of physiological functions and on their cross-modulation with defense reactions (46)(47)(48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To circumvent the problems associated with the manipulation of the midgut microbiota with antibiotics (22)(23)(24)(25)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31) or of the immune response with immunosuppressive molecules (26,34), both of which have unpredictable multiple effects, we performed selective RNAi-mediated silencing of an immune gene (102 Sl, 102 Spodoptera littoralis), recently identified in Spodoptera littoralis (35). This gene is highly expressed in the immune cells circulating in the hemolymph (i.e., hemocytes) and modulates their incorporation in multilayered capsules formed around foreign intruders entering the body cavity (i.e., the hemocoel) (35).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlieBacillus thuringiensiskilling mechanism

Caccia¹,

Lelio

Storia

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

150

128

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Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used bacterial entomopathogen producing insecticidal toxins, some of which are expressed in insect-resistant transgenic crops. Surprisingly, the killing mechanism of B. thuringiensis remains controversial. In particular, the importance of the septicemia induced by the host midgut microbiota is still debated as a result of the lack of experimental evidence obtained without drastic manipulation of the midgut and its content. Here this key issue is addressed by RNAi-mediated silencing of an immune gene in a lepidopteran host Spodoptera littoralis, leaving the midgut microbiota unaltered. The resulting cellular immunosuppression was characterized by a reduced nodulation response, which was associated with a significant enhancement of host larvae mortality triggered by B. thuringiensis and a Cry toxin. This was determined by an uncontrolled proliferation of midgut bacteria, after entering the body cavity through toxin-induced epithelial lesions. Consequently, the hemolymphatic microbiota dramatically changed upon treatment with Cry1Ca toxin, showing a remarkable predominance of Serratia and Clostridium species, which switched from asymptomatic gut symbionts to hemocoelic pathogens. These experimental results demonstrate the important contribution of host enteric flora in B. thuringiensis-killing activity and provide a sound foundation for developing new insect control strategies aimed at enhancing the impact of biocontrol agents by reducing the immunocompetence of the host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlieBacillus thuringiensiskilling mechanism

Caccia¹,

Lelio

Storia

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

150

128

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“…This creates new and exciting opportunities for exploiting them in IPM, for example, by inoculating plants with endophytic strains of entomopathogenic fungi to prevent infestation by insect herbivores. There are opportunities also to exploit the volatile alarm signals emitted by crop plants so that they recruit microbial natural enemies as bodyguards against pest attack [83 -85] and to use novel chemicals to impair the immune system of crop pests to make them more susceptible to microbial biopesticides [86,87].…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development, regulation and use of biopesticides for integrated pest management

Chandler

Bailey

Tatchell

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

628

364

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Over the past 50 years, crop protection has relied heavily on synthetic chemical pesticides, but their availability is now declining as a result of new legislation and the evolution of resistance in pest populations. Therefore, alternative pest management tactics are needed. Biopesticides are pest management agents based on living micro-organisms or natural products. They have proven potential for pest management and they are being used across the world. However, they are regulated by systems designed originally for chemical pesticides that have created market entry barriers by imposing burdensome costs on the biopesticide industry. There are also significant technical barriers to making biopesticides more effective. In the European Union, a greater emphasis on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as part of agricultural policy may lead to innovations in the way that biopesticides are regulated. There are also new opportunities for developing biopesticides in IPM by combining ecological science with post-genomics technologies. The new biopesticide products that will result from this research will bring with them new regulatory and economic challenges that must be addressed through joint working between social and natural scientists, policy makers and industry.

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“…hypochondriaca appear to play a role in altering host development or immune defenses 30 . A number of venom genes have been identified by random sequencing of the venom gland cDNA library and classical bottom-up proteomic approaches 2, 37, 38 . D .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analysis of venom glands from Cotesia vestalis and Diadromus collaris, two endoparasitoids of the host Plutella xylostella

Zhao

Shi

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Venoms secreted by the venom gland (VG) of parasitoid wasp help ensure successful parasitism by host immune suppression and developmental regulation. Cotesia vestalis, a larval endoparasitoid, and Diadromus collaris, a pupal endoparasitoid, parasitize the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella. To explore and compare the venom components of two endoparasitoids, we sequenced transcriptomes of the VGs and wasp bodies without VGs (BWVGs) of the two endoparasitoids. Statistically enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways of the two VGs compared to respective whole-body background were similar and reflected active protein biosynthesis activities in the two VGs. 1,595 VG specific genes of the D. collaris VG and 1,461 VG specific genes of the C. vestalis VG were identified by comparative transcript profiling. A total of 444 and 513 genes encoding potential secretory proteins were identified and defined as putative venom genes in D. collaris VG and C. vestalis VG, respectively. The putative venom genes of the two wasps showed no significant similarity or convergence. More venom genes were predicted in D. collaris VG than C. vestalis VG, especially hydrolase-coding genes. Differences in the types and quantities of putative venom genes shed light on different venom functions.

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A recombinant immunosuppressive protein from Pimpla hypochondriaca (rVPr1) increases the susceptibility of Lacanobia oleracea and Mamestra brassicae larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis

Cited by 19 publications

References 64 publications

Midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlieBacillus thuringiensiskilling mechanism

Midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlieBacillus thuringiensiskilling mechanism

The development, regulation and use of biopesticides for integrated pest management

Comparative transcriptome analysis of venom glands from Cotesia vestalis and Diadromus collaris, two endoparasitoids of the host Plutella xylostella

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