“…Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) were isolated from skin fragments discarded in surgical procedures for the six males adults donors and cultured to 80% confluence in DMEM (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), 1% penicillin, 100 U/streptomycin, and 100 mg/ml solution 10,11 , designated the standard culture medium. At this stage the adherent cells were detached (0.01% trypsin), counted in a Neubauer chamber, and seeded at a density of 2.5x10 4 cells/cm2 in 24-well plates containing collagen sponge discs (B. Braun, S.A., Germany) measuring 16x2 mm for 28 days under the following experimental conditions: CONTROL group, standard culture medium; TGF-β1 group, standard culture medium supplemented with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 (Sigma); OSTEOG group, standard culture medium supplemented with 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid (Sigma), 10 mmol beta-glycerophosphate (Sigma), and 10 nmol of dexamethasone (Sigma); and OSTEOG.TGF-β1 group, standard culture medium supplemented with 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid, 10 mmol beta-glycerophosphate, 10 nmol dexamethasone, and 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 [18][19][20] .…”