A Rechargeable Al/S Battery with an Ionic‐Liquid Electrolyte

Gao, Tao; Li, Yong; Wang, Xiwen; Hu, Jiangsheng; Han, Fudong; Fan, Xiulin; Suo, Liumin; Pearse, Alex J; Lee, Sang Bok; Rubloff, Gary W.; Gaskell, Karen J.; Noked, Malachi; Wang, Chunsheng

doi:10.1002/anie.201603531

Cited by 231 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[16,33] The ACC samples (ACC-507-20) were obtained from Kynol Inc. (USA) and were cut to circular discs with a diameter of ≈8 mm. [16,33] The ACC samples (ACC-507-20) were obtained from Kynol Inc. (USA) and were cut to circular discs with a diameter of ≈8 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Mg Anode Overpotential via Ion Conductive Surface Layer Formation by Iodine Additive

Gao

Han

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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119

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Another challenge is the development of electrolytes that can effectively utilize an Mg metal anode. Extensive effort has been put in to develop electrolytes capable of reversibly depositing/stripping Mg. Most work has focused on complex electrolytes that allow fast and reversible Mg deposition/stripping. Such electrolytes were first proposed by Aurbach's group in 2000, [8] and subsequently they developed the all phenyl complex showing high anodic stability. [9] Later, a non-nucleophilic electrolyte, Mg-HMDS, was developed by Muldoon and co-workers, and Fichtner and co-workers for Mg/S batteries. [10,11] To eliminate the organic Grignard species in the electrolyte, an all inorganic electrolyte, magnesium aluminum chloride complex, was reported. [12][13][14][15] These complex electrolytes have enabled the usage of Mg-cathode half-cells to evaluate various cathode materials due to their capability of facile Mg deposition/stripping; [8,10,[16][17][18] however, their complicated synthesis procedure, incompatibility with oxide cathodes, sensitivity to air and moisture, low ionic conductivity, and high cost have rendered them less attractive for practical applications than conventional organic electrolytes based on simple salts (salts containing anions of PF 6 − , BF 4 − , TFSI − , etc.). Unfortunately, most of these simple salt electrolytes are not compatible with Mg metal because poorly or nonconductive surface layers are normally formed on the Mg surface. In the electrolytes based on common aprotic organic solvents (such as AN, PC, etc.), the surface film is dominated by the decomposition of solvent due to their weak reduction stability, and the formed layer can block the deposition/stripping of Mg. [19] Even for solvents that are stable with Mg metal (such as glyme), the decomposition of salts or the reaction of trace moisture with Mg can still form a surface film covering the Mg surface, leading to a large overpotential for Mg deposition/stripping. [20][21][22][23] Therefore, the formation of a poorly or even nonconductive surface layer on Mg metal in common simple salt organic electrolytes is inevitable due to Mg's strong reducing ability, which remains a challenge for the application of a Mg metal anode in these simple salt electrolytes. Herein, we propose for the first time a facile approach to solve this problem by tuning the composition of the surface layer and forming an Mg ion conductive layer. By adding a small concentration of iodine (<50 × 10 −3 m) into the electrolyte, an insoluble magnesium iodide layer is formed on the surface of the Mg metal, which acts as a solid electrolyte Electrolytes that are able to reversibly deposit/strip Mg are crucial for rechargeable Mg batteries. The most studied complex electrolytes based on Lewis acid-base chemistry are expensive, difficult to be synthesized, and show limited anodic stability. Conventional electrolytes using simple salts such as Mg(TFSI) 2 can be readily synthesized, but Mg deposition/stripping in these simple salt electrolytes is accompanied by a large...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Mg Anode Overpotential via Ion Conductive Surface Layer Formation by Iodine Additive

Gao

Han

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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119

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“…15 Archer's and Wang's groups also presented the possibility of sulfur as a cathode material based on a redox conversion reaction. 8,9 We previously reported the Chevrel phase molybdenum sulfide (Mo 6 S 8 ) as an intercalation-type metal sulfide cathode material. 16 An independent investigation by Lee and co-workers further confirmed the reversible electrochemical Al intercalation in Mo 6 S 8 .…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Sulfides as Intercalation-Type Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

Geng

Scheifers

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

141

148

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We report the electrochemical intercalation−extraction of aluminum (Al) in the layered TiS 2 and spinel-based cubic Cu 0.31 Ti 2 S 4 as the potential cathode materials for rechargeable Al-ion batteries. The electrochemical characterizations demonstrate the feasibility of reversible Al intercalation in both titanium sulfides with layered TiS 2 showing better properties. The crystallographic study sheds light on the possible Al intercalation sites in the titanium sulfides, while the results from galvanostatic intermittent titration indicate that the low Al 3+ diffusion coefficients in the sulfide crystal structures are the primary obstacle to facile Al intercalation−extraction.

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“…[89] The Al-air battery achieves a high energy density of 6200 Wh L À 1 (2300 Wh kg À 1 ) at the current density of 1.5 mA cm À 2 with a voltage plateau at around 1.5 V (vs. Al), which is among the highest energy densities of the metal-air batteries at room temperature. [91] The AlÀ S battery achieves an initial discharge capacity of 1320 mAh g À 1 at a low current density of 50 mA g À 1 with a discharge plateau at around 0.65 V (vs. Al). The aluminum-sulfur (AlÀ S) batteries are promising high energy density device with reversible reaction process, high theoretical capacity, and good safety.…”

Section: Non-aqueous Aluminum-sulfur/air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The first nonaqueous Al-air battery utilizes 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumoligo-fluoro-hydrogenated as IL and a normal porous carbon electrode as the cathode catalyst. [91] However, the capacity of the AlÀ S battery decays seriously in the following three cycles probably due to the incompatible assembly technique, polysulfide solubility, and severe sidereactions of the binder and current collector. [90] However, the stable physical characterization of the discharge product Al 2 O 3 leads to the irreversibility of the alumium-air process.…”

Section: Non-aqueous Aluminum-sulfur/air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Future Trends of Aluminum Batteries

Sun

Luo

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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As one of the most promising alternatives to next‐generation energy storage systems, aluminum batteries (ABs) have been attracting rapidly increasing attention over the past few years. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements of ABs based on both aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes, with a particular focus on rechargeable non‐aqueous ionic liquid‐based aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). Progress of the current intensive investigation on the development of cathode materials and electrolytes in non‐aqueous AIBs are discussed. Then research efforts towards aqueous ABs are described to give readers a broader view of the aluminum battery family. Finally, the review summaries the key challenges underpinning ABs and provides future research perspectives on this growing field.

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A Rechargeable Al/S Battery with an Ionic‐Liquid Electrolyte

Cited by 231 publications

References 22 publications

Reducing Mg Anode Overpotential via Ion Conductive Surface Layer Formation by Iodine Additive

Reducing Mg Anode Overpotential via Ion Conductive Surface Layer Formation by Iodine Additive

Titanium Sulfides as Intercalation-Type Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

Recent Progress and Future Trends of Aluminum Batteries

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