A Recently Discovered Trachyte-Hosted Rare Earth Element-Niobium-Zirconium Occurrence in Northern Maine, Usa

Abstract

Reported here are geological, geophysical, mineralogical, and geochemical data on a previously unknown trachyte-hosted rare earth element (REE)-Nb-Zr occurrence at Pennington Mountain in northern Maine, USA. This occurrence was newly discovered by a regional multiparameter, airborne radiometric survey that revealed anomalously high equivalent Th (eTh) and U (eU), confirmed by a detailed ground radiometric survey and by portable X-Ray fluorescence (pXRF) and whole-rock analyses of representative rock samples. The mineralized area occurs within an elongate trachyte body (~1.2 km2) that intrudes Ordovician volcanic rocks. Geologic constraints suggest that the trachyte is also Ordovician in age. The eastern lobe (~900 × ~400 m) of the trachyte is pervasively brecciated with a matrix containing seams, lenses, and veinlets composed mainly of potassium feldspar, albite, and fine-grained zircon and monazite. Barite is locally abundant. Minor minerals within the matrix include columbite, bastnäsite, euxenite, chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, and magnetite. The pXRF analyses of 22 samples (App. Table A1) collected from the eastern lobe demonstrate that this entire part of the trachyte is highly mineralized. Whole-rock geochemical analyses for samples from the eastern lobe document high average contents of Zr (1.17 wt %), Nb (1,656 ppm), Ba (3,132 ppm), Y (1,140 ppm), Hf (324 ppm), Ta (122 ppm), Th (124 ppm), U (36.5 ppm), Zn (689 ppm), and Sn (106 ppm). Among light REE, the highest average concentrations are shown by La (763 ppm) and Ce (1,479 ppm). For heavy REE (HREE), Dy and Er are the most abundant on average (167 and 114 ppm, respectively). No HREE-rich minerals such as xenotime have been identified; the HREE may reside chiefly in monazite and bastnäsite, and within the fine-grained zircon. Very strong positive correlations (R2) of 0.92 to 0.98 exist between Th and Zr, Nb, Y, Ce, Yb, and Sn, indicating that the radiometric data for eTh are valid proxies for concentrations of these metals in the mineralized rocks. Trachyte-hosted REE-Nb-Zr deposits like the occurrence at Pennington Mountain also are known in eastern Australia and in the south Qinling belt of Central China. Based on comparisons with these deposits, and the lack of detailed geologic mapping in the Pennington Mountain region, we suggest that other rare-metal occurrences contained in trachyte may exist elsewhere in northern Maine, and more widely in the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen where volcanic and subvolcanic trachytes have been recognized.

Petrogenesis and geological implications of the trachytic rocks in the South Eastern Desert, Egypt: Mineralogical, geochemical, and radioactivity insights

“…The primary magma compositions can be destroyed by post-melting processes such as fractional crystallisation and contemporaneous crustal absorption, making it difficult to interpret trace element data concerning the nature and composition of the melt source location (e.g. Spera and Bohrson 2001; Wei et al 2021; Yan et al 2021; Nie et al 2021; Kuznetsov et al 2023; Wang et al 2023). During magmatic processes, high-field strength elements (HFSE) such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th, Y, P, and Ti are immobile (Gorton and Schandl 2000).…”