A Recent Overview of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Hybrids as Novel Antifungal Agents: Focusing on Synthesis, Mechanism of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)

Abstract

A pharmacophore system has been found as 1,2,3-triazole, a five-membered heterocycle ring with nitrogen heteroatoms. These heterocyclic compounds can be produced using azide-alkyne cycloaddition processes catalyzed by ruthenium or copper. The bioactive compounds demonstrated antitubercular, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. This heterocycle molecule, in particular, with one or more 1,2,3-triazole cores has been found to have the most powerful antifungal effects. The goal of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation of this prospective fungicidal chemical. Also there have been explained drugs and mechanism of action of a triazole compound with antifungal activity. This review will be useful in a variety of fields, including medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, mycology, and pharmacology.

Synthesis of Benzimidazole-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents Targeting 14α-Demethylase

“…Carbendazole, benomyl, and thiabendazole have been frequently used among them. − Triazoles, a type of heterocyclic molecule, are favored scaffolds in a variety of fields. Fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole are antifungal medicines available for therapeutic use that contain 1,2,4-triazole fragments. − In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the antifungal activities of triazoles. − Antifungal drugs with benzimidazole and triazole structures and the chemical structure of the designed compounds are shown in Figure .…”

“…Fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole are antifungal medicines available for therapeutic use that contain 1,2,4-triazole fragments. 21 − 24 In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the antifungal activities of triazoles. 25 − 28 Antifungal drugs with benzimidazole and triazole structures and the chemical structure of the designed compounds are shown in Figure 2 .…”

Synthesis, Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity of Mannose-based bis-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives

“…Also, many 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as FDA-approved drugs have exerted their pharmacological activities such as the antibacterial; tazobactam, 14 antibiotic; cefatrizine, 15 anticancer; Carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), 16 anti-HIV; TSAO, and anti-Alzheimer; MTSMDL treatment. 18 1,2,3triazole employed superior antimicrobial, antifungal, 20 antioxidant 21 and cytotoxic activities. 22 Collections of glycoconjugated 1,2,3-triazoles derivatives from different sugars functionalized with alkyne or azide moieties have been synthesized via CuAA-click reaction and their antibacterial were evaluated.…”

Interplay between the linker and polymer molecular weight of a self-assembling prodrug on the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy

“…In an efforts to streamline the SAR-based approach, we developed a platform technology that allows us to efficiently generate a library of methoxy-PEG (mPEG)-drug conjugates using copper(I)-catalyzed alkyneazide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry. 10,11 Very few optimizations and troubleshooting steps are involved since the reaction conditions are robust and can be applied to compounds with different chemical properties. This enables facile tunability of prodrug conjugates.…”