“… Jain, Rathee, Kumar, Sambasivam, Boadh, Choudhary, Kumar & Kumar Singh [ 7 ]; Inman, Pedro, Coimbra[ 8 ] | Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, especially Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) | AI methods, notably ANNs, have shown superior effectiveness over primitive models. | Sfetsos & Coonick [ 9 ]; Nguyen, Pham, Duong & Vu [ 10 ]; Malik, Gehlot, Singh, Gupta & Thakur [ 11 ] |
Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Networks | Used to predict solar irradiance on horizontal surfaces with a net error significantly lower than some linear methods. | Gardner & Dorling [ 12 ]; Paoli, Voyant, Muselli, & Nivet [ 13 ]; Achite, Banadkooki, Ehteram, Bouharira, Ahmed & Elshafie [ 14 ] |
Precision evaluation using RMSE, nRMSE, and MAPE | Mixed results in predictions, hovering around 20–30 % accuracy in some cases. |
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