A Reassortant Bunyavirus Isolated from Acute Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in Kenya and Somalia

Bowen, Michael D.; Trappier, Sam G.; Sanchez, Angela J.; Meyer, Richard F.; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Zaki, Sherif R.; Dunster, T. Lee M.; Peters, C. J.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.

doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1201

Cited by 133 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Reassortment requires promiscuity in the interaction of N with genomic RNAs from heterologous viruses and in protein-protein interactions necessary for assembling virions. All characterized reassortant bunyaviruses isolated in nature are M segment reassortants (35,36), demonstrating that the envelope glycoproteins, which are encoded by the M segment, are capable of interacting with heterologous RNPs. The hydrophobic character of some regions of the G N -tail, as well as Pro and Trp residues within it, are conserved among phleboviruses (37) cytoplasmic tail, with the RdRp, or with a host protein, it has potential as a drug target because it is conserved in phleboviruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid protein reveals another architecture for RNA encapsidation

Raymond¹,

Piper²,

Gerrard

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

117

146

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a negative-sense RNA virus (genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae) that infects livestock and humans and is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. Like all negative-sense viruses, the segmented RNA genome of RVFV is encapsidated by a nucleocapsid protein (N). The 1.93-Å crystal structure of RVFV N and electron micrographs of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) reveal an encapsidated genome of substantially different organization than in other negative-sense RNA virus families. The RNP polymer, viewed in electron micrographs of both virus RNP and RNP reconstituted from purified N with a defined RNA, has an extended structure without helical symmetry. N-RNA species of ∼100-kDa apparent molecular weight and heterogeneous composition were obtained by exhaustive ribonuclease treatment of virus RNP, by recombinant expression of N, and by reconstitution from purified N and an RNA oligomer. RNA-free N, obtained by denaturation and refolding, has a novel all-helical fold that is compact and well ordered at both the N and C termini. Unlike N of other negative-sense RNA viruses, RVFV N has no positively charged surface cleft for RNA binding and no protruding termini or loops to stabilize a defined N-RNA oligomer or RNP helix. A potential protein interaction site was identified in a conserved hydrophobic pocket. The nonhelical appearance of phlebovirus RNP, the heterogeneous ∼100-kDa N-RNA multimer, and the N fold differ substantially from the RNP and N of other negative-sense RNA virus families and provide valuable insights into the structure of the encapsidated phlebovirus genome.ribonucleoprotein | viral protein | segmented genome | negative-sense RNA virus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid protein reveals another architecture for RNA encapsidation

Raymond¹,

Piper²,

Gerrard

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

117

146

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“…To genetically characterize the GROV strains isolated in Peru, partial sequences of the S, M, and L segments were obtained and compared with those of GROV isolates from Brazil, Colombia, and Bolivia using a previously described methodology. 24 Purified PCR products were sequenced directly, and sequencing analyses of the PCR products were performed using an Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA) Prism automated DNA sequencing kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. Sequences were aligned using the Clustal program in the MacVector (MacVector Inc., Cary, NC) software package, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the maximum parsimony, neighborjoining, and maximum likelihood methods implemented in the phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (PAUP) software (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA).…”

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confidence: 99%

Guaroa Virus Infection among Humans in Bolivia and Peru

Aguilar¹,

Morrison²,

Rocha³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Guaroa virus (GROV) was first isolated from humans in Colombia in 1959. Subsequent isolates of the virus have been recovered from febrile patients and mosquitoes in Brazil, Colombia, and Panama; however, association of the virus with human disease has been unclear. As part of a study on the etiology of febrile illnesses in Peru and Bolivia, 14 GROV strains were isolated from patients with febrile illnesses, and 3 additional cases were confirmed by IgM seroconversion. The prevalence rate of GROV antibodies among Iquitos residents was 13%; the highest rates were among persons with occupations such as woodcutters, fisherman, and oil-field workers. Genetic characterization of representative GROV isolates indicated that strains from Peru and Bolivia form a monophyletic group that can be distinguished from strains isolated earlier in Brazil and Colombia. This study confirms GROV as a cause of febrile illness in tropical regions of Central and South America.

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“…Total RNA was extracted from 0?2 ml 10 % mouse brain homogenate with 1 ml Tripure (Roche), and RNA was isolated using an RNaid extraction kit following the manufacturer's protocol (Q-Biogene). RT-PCR was performed using the primer pairs that have been used to characterize Garissa virus (Bowen et al, 2001): M14C and M619R (M segment), BUNYA1 and BUNYA2 (S segment), BUNCAL1 and BUNCAL2 (S segment) and M13CBUNL1C and BUNL605R (L segment). PCR products were analysed essentially as described previously (Bowen et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RT-PCR was performed using the primer pairs that have been used to characterize Garissa virus (Bowen et al, 2001): M14C and M619R (M segment), BUNYA1 and BUNYA2 (S segment), BUNCAL1 and BUNCAL2 (S segment) and M13CBUNL1C and BUNL605R (L segment). PCR products were analysed essentially as described previously (Bowen et al, 2001). A PCR product was obtained from all of the 11 mouse-lethal agents using primer pair M14C and M619R, which was designed to amplify the M segment of viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Kaeng Khoi virus from dead Chaerephon plicata bats in Cambodia

Osborne

Rupprecht

Olson

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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A virus isolated from dead Chaerephon plicata bats collected near Kampot, Cambodia, was identified as a member of the family Bunyaviridae by electron microscopy. The only bunyavirus previously isolated from Chaerephon species bats in South-East Asia is Kaeng Khoi (KK) virus (genus Orthobunyavirus), detected in Thailand over 30 years earlier and implicated as a public health problem. Using RT-PCR, nucleotide sequences from the M RNA segment of several virus isolates from the Cambodian C. plicata bats were found to be almost identical and to differ from those of the prototype KK virus by only 2?6-3?2 %, despite the temporal and geographic separation of the viruses. These results identify the Cambodian bat viruses as KK virus, extend the known virus geographic range and document the first KK virus isolation in 30 years. These genetic data, together with earlier serologic data, show that KK viruses represent a distinct group within the genus Orthobunyavirus.Bats are the only flying mammals and have been identified as the source of various viruses of public health importance, particularly viruses of the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae (e.g. rabies virus), and genus Henipavirus, family Paramyxoviridae (e.g. Nipah and Hendra viruses). As such they represent an interesting target for pathogen discovery efforts aimed at identifying viruses with the potential to cause human disease or novel viruses related to known human pathogens.This investigation was part of a larger project focusing on the potential role of bats in human and veterinary health in Cambodia (Olson et al., 2002). Field locations were chosen on the basis of known or suspected bat roosts. The focus of this investigation was Kampot Cave, approximately 15 km north of the town of Kampot in southern Cambodia. The cave is used by local villagers for harvesting bat guano for fertilizer. Large numbers of bats use the cave as a roost and the villagers had reported an apparent decline in the colony over time. On 30 November, 2000, 46 bats were collected, 12 of which were dead or moribund while the rest appeared healthy. Live bats were restrained, sedated by the administration of ketamine hydrochloride (5 mg) via the intramuscular (i.m.) route and euthanized under sedation by cardiac bleeding. At necropsy, brain tissue was removed, frozen at 270 uC and the carcass placed in 10 % buffered formalin for archival storage.No lyssavirus antigens were detected by direct fluorescent antibody test in any of the 46 bat brains examined (Whitfield et al., 2001). Virus isolation was attempted from all 12 dead bats and one brain collected from an apparently healthy bat by intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation into groups of mice. Briefly, the bat brains were homogenized with sterile grinders to a 10 % (w/v) suspension in sterile PBS and 2 % equine serum, clarified by low-speed centrifugation and 0?03 ml of the supernatant inoculated by the i.c. route into groups of three to five weanling (4-week-old) female ICR mice. Mice were observed daily for 30 days for any adverse clinical ...

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A Reassortant Bunyavirus Isolated from Acute Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in Kenya and Somalia

Cited by 133 publications

References 11 publications

Structure of the Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid protein reveals another architecture for RNA encapsidation

Structure of the Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid protein reveals another architecture for RNA encapsidation

Guaroa Virus Infection among Humans in Bolivia and Peru

Isolation of Kaeng Khoi virus from dead Chaerephon plicata bats in Cambodia

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