A reassessment of the carnivorous status of salmonids: Hepatic glucokinase is expressed in wild fish in Kerguelen Islands

Marandel, Lucie; Gaudin, Philippe; Gueraud, Francois; Glise, Stéphane; Herman, Alexandre; Plagnes-Juan, Élisabeth; Véron, Vincent; Panserat, Stéphane; Labonne, Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.247

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Land-locked salmon populations, found in several freshwater bodies in both Europe and North America, are characterized by completing their whole life-cycle in lakes and rivers instead of migrating to the ocean. This may suggest that land-locked salmon might be subjected to higher dietary contents of carbohydrates compared to their anadromous counterparts that feed on prey rich in protein and lipid in the open sea, as has been shown recently with brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in Kerguelen island (Marandel et al, 2018). By analyzing the gut contents of resident Kerguelen trout, the authors concluded that fish mainly fed on terrestrial invertebrates from the phylum Arthropoda that were relatively rich in glycogen (Marandel et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This may suggest that land-locked salmon might be subjected to higher dietary contents of carbohydrates compared to their anadromous counterparts that feed on prey rich in protein and lipid in the open sea, as has been shown recently with brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in Kerguelen island (Marandel et al, 2018). By analyzing the gut contents of resident Kerguelen trout, the authors concluded that fish mainly fed on terrestrial invertebrates from the phylum Arthropoda that were relatively rich in glycogen (Marandel et al, 2018). Land-locked salmon are an interesting and valuable genetic resource as certain traits associated with life in ancestral anadromous populations (such as better utilization of protein/lipids as an energy source) may have been lost/suppressed, and other traits such as utilization of dietary carbohydrate may be enhanced due to the different selection pressures (Nilsen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

et al. 2018

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A common-garden experiment was carried out to compare two genetically distinct strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with either high (CHO) or low (NoCHO) digestible carbohydrate (starch). Twenty salmon from either a commercial farmed strain (F) or a land-locked population (G) were placed in two tanks (10 fish of each population in each tank) and fed either CHO or NoCHO feeds. At the end of the experiment fish were fasted for 8 h, euthanized and blood and liver collected. Both diet and population had an effect on circulating glucose levels with G showing hypoglycaemia and dietary starch increasing this parameter. In contrast, G showed increased plasma triacylglycerol levels regardless of dietary treatment suggesting faster conversion of glucose to triacylglycerol. This different ability to metabolize dietary starch among strains was also reflected at a molecular (gene) level as most of the metabolic pathways evaluated were mainly affected by the factor population rather than by diet. The data are promising and suggest different regulatory capacities toward starch utilization between land-locked salmon and the farmed stock. Further analyses are necessary in order to fully characterize the capacity of land-locked salmon to utilize dietary carbohydrate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

et al. 2018

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“…Overall, while the aquaculture industry seeks to further stretch the optimization of fish feed production, the administration of isotopes will provide deeper insights into the regulation of lipid storage and oxidation in fish species in response to different combination of macronutrients. This may be particularly interesting in the procurement of new species to farm or in the optimization and selection of existing ones, currently happening by trait preference (Jin et al, 2014b;Song et al, 2018) or by recurring to the wide spectrum of metabolic responses occurring in nature (Betancor et al, 2016;Marandel et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of dietary starch on extrahepatic tissue lipid metabolism in farmed European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

Viegas

Trenkner

Rito

et al. 2019

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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In aquaculture, there is high interest in substituting marine-derived with vegetablebased ingredients as energy source. Farmed carnivorous fish under high carbohydrate diets tend to increase adiposity but it remains unclear if this happens by increased lipid retention/accumulation, promotion of lipogenic pathways, or both. In order to determine the response of extrahepatic tissue to dietary starch, European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian (Lates calcarifer) seabass were fed a control (low starch; LS) or experimental (high starch; HS) diet, for at least 21 days and then transferred for 6 days to saltwater enriched with deuterated water 2 H2O. Incorporation of 2 H-labelling follows well-defined metabolic steps, and analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) 2 H-enrichment by 2 H-NMR allowed evaluation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in muscle and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Fractional synthetic rates for TAGbound fatty acids and glycerol were quantified separately providing a detailed lipogenic profile. The FA profile differed substantially between muscle and VAT in both species, but their lipogenic fluxes revealed even greater differences. In European seabass, HS promoted DNL of TAG-bound FA, in muscle and VAT. High 2 Henrichment also found in muscle TAG-bound glycerol was indicative of its role on lipid cycling. In Asian seabass, HS had no effect on muscle FA composition and lipogenic flux, with no 2 H-enriched TAG being detected. VAT on the other hand revealed a strong enhancement of DNL in HS-fed fish along with high TAG-bound glycerol cycling. This study consolidated the use of 2 H2O as tracer for fish lipid metabolism in different tissues, under different dietary conditions and suitable to use in different fish models.

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“…Glucokinase (GCK) is a key enzyme involved in hepatic glucose metabolism and in glucose homeostasis regulation (Polakof et al, ). For Kerguelen brown trout Salmo trutta , the expression levels of gck were higher in fish fed on food with carbodydrate than those in fish fed on food without carbodydrate or fed on natural food (Marandel et al, ). In this study, the formulated feed contains higher carbohydrate contents than that of forage fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of reference genes for quantitative real‐time PCR normalisation in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides fed on alternative diets

Fan

Tian

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Biology

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The partial cDNA sequences of eight reference genes (actb, tuba1, gapdh58, gapdh59, eef1a1, RNA 18 s, pabpc1, ube2I) were cloned from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. The expression levels of these eight genes were compared in the various tissues (eye, spleen, kidney, gill, muscle, brain, liver, heart, gut and gonad) of M. salmoides fed on forage fish. The results showed that the candidate genes exhibited tissue‐specific expression to various degrees and the stability ranking order was eef1a1 > tuba1 > RNA 18 s > pabpc1 > ube2I > actb > gapdh58 > gapdh59 among tissue types. Four candidate genes eef1a1, tuba1, RNA 18 s and actb were used to analyse the stability in liver tissues of largemouth bass between the forage‐fish group and the formulated‐feed group. The candidate genes also showed some changes in expression levels in the livers, while eef1a1 and tuba1 had the most stable expression in livers of fish fed on alternative diets within 10 candidates. So eef1a1 and tuba1 were recommended as optimal reference gene in quantitative real‐time PCR analysis to normalise the expression levels of target genes in tissues and lives of the M. salmoides fed on alternative diets. In livers, the expression levels of gck normalised by eef1a1 and tuba1 showed the significant up‐regulation in formulated feed group (P < 0.05) than those in forage‐fish group. While sex difference has no significant effects on the expression levels of gck in both groups.

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A reassessment of the carnivorous status of salmonids: Hepatic glucokinase is expressed in wild fish in Kerguelen Islands

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Impact of dietary starch on extrahepatic tissue lipid metabolism in farmed European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

Selection of reference genes for quantitative real‐time PCR normalisation in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides fed on alternative diets

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