A Reassessment of Negative Priming Within the Inhibition Framework of Cognitive Aging: There Is More in It Than Previously Believed

Titz, Cora; Behrendt, Jörg; Menge, Uwe; Hasselhorn, Marcus

doi:10.1080/03610730802273936

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For instance, Pesta and Sanders (2000) reported that 70-year-old adults exhibited NP effects as large and robust as younger adults. Titz et al (2008) reported age-equivalent NP effects, yet at the same time age-related impairments in deletion control and access control. Verhaeghen and De Meersman (1998) conducted a meta-analysis on 20 studies specifically investigating the relation between age and performance in the Stroop task.…”

Section: Which Variables Can Explain Individual Differences In Np?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention

2015

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Negative Priming (NP) is an influential paradigm in cognitive psychology that was originally developed to measure attentional selection. Yet, up to the mid-1990s, a large number of experimental reports questioned whether the NP effect is based on attentional inhibition and/or episodic retrieval processes. In this review, we summarize findings since the mid1990s and discuss new and old theoretical approaches to Negative Priming. We conclude that more than one process contributes to NP and that future research should analyze the conditions under which a particular process contributes to NP. Moreover, we argue that the paradigm -although it does not measure a single cognitive process alone -is still a useful tool for understanding selection in cognition. In fact, it might be a virtue of the paradigm that several cognitive processes work here together as selection in nonexperimental contexts is surely a multidimensional process. From this perspective, research on NP is relevant for all research fields analyzing selection. We therefore close our review by discussing the implications of the new evidence on NP for theories of selective attention.

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Section: Which Variables Can Explain Individual Differences In Np?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention

2015

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“…Paradigms that have been proposed to investigate age differences in inhibition include the reading-with-distraction task (e.g., Connelly, Hasher, & Zacks, 1991), directed-forgetting tasks (e.g., Zacks, Radvansky, & Hasher, 1996), the garden-path-sentence completion task (e.g., Hartman & Hasher, 1991), and negative-priming tasks (e.g., Titz, Behrendt, Menge, & Hasselhorn, 2008). Age differences have been detected with all of these paradigms.…”

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confidence: 97%

Hindsight bias in younger and older adults: the role of access control

Groß

Bayen

2014

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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Hindsight bias is the overestimation of one's earlier knowledge about facts or one's prediction of events after learning about the actual facts or events. The authors examined age differences in hindsight bias and their relation to visual access control. Younger and older adults recalled their numerical answers to general-knowledge questions. For half of the items, the correct judgment (CJ) was shown during recall. To indicate whether the distracting CJ was visually accessed, the authors measured fixations to the CJ. An instructional manipulation to ignore the CJ affected fixations and hindsight bias. Older adults showed stronger hindsight bias and more fixations to the task-irrelevant CJ, indicating an age-related deficit in access control. However, evidence for the effect of CJ access on hindsight bias was weak and more pronounced in younger than in older adults.

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“…The stimulus remained on the screen until 1,000 ms after the onset of vocalization/response, as captured by the serial response box via head microphone. Stimuli presentation times and intertrial intervals were based on Hogge et al (2008); May, Kane, and Hasher (1995);Titz, Behrendt, Menge, and Hasselhorn (2008); and others. This progression repeated for each of the 34 trials in each set.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies of reactive inhibition using negative priming have explored the presence, magnitude, or absence of the effect, but none have addressed positive priming (Andrés, Guerrini, Phillips, & Perfect, 2008;Filoteo, Rilling, & Strayer, 2002;Hogge et al, 2008;Houghton & Tipper, 1994;Houghton et al, 1996;Mayas, Fuentes, & Ballesteros, 2012;Titz et al, 2008;Vitkovitch et al, 2002). Other reports of facilitation during negative priming give accounts of stimuli that have been degraded (Kane, May, Hasher, Rahhal, & Stoltzfus, 1997), an absence of interference in the probe trial (Catena et al, 2002), or primes that consist of a "low level perceptual task" (e.g., letter search in target word; Marí-Beffa et al, 2000).…”

Section: Research Question 2: Reactive Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intentional and Reactive Inhibition During Spoken-Word Stroop Task Performance in People With Aphasia

Pompon

McNeil

Spencer

et al. 2015

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: The integrity of selective attention in people with aphasia (PWA) is currently unknown. Selective attention is essential for everyday communication, and inhibition is an important part of selective attention. This study explored components of inhibition-both intentional and reactive inhibition-during spoken-word production in PWA and in controls who were neurologically healthy (HC). Intentional inhibition is the ability to suppress a response to interference, and reactive inhibition is the delayed reactivation of a previously suppressed item. Method: Nineteen PWA and 20 age-and educationmatched HC participated in a Stroop spoken-word production task. This task allowed the examination of intentional and reactive inhibition by evoking and comparing interference, facilitation, and negative priming effects in different contexts.Results: Although both groups demonstrated intentional inhibition, PWA demonstrated significantly more interference effects. PWA demonstrated no significant facilitation effects. HC demonstrated significant reverse facilitation effects. Neither group showed significant evidence of reactive inhibition, though both groups showed similar individual variability. Conclusions: These results underscore the challenge interference presents for PWA during spoken-word production, indicating diminished intentional inhibition. Although reactive inhibition was not different between PWA and HC, PWA showed difficulty integrating and adapting to contextual information during language tasks.

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A Reassessment of Negative Priming Within the Inhibition Framework of Cognitive Aging: There Is More in It Than Previously Believed

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention

The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention

Hindsight bias in younger and older adults: the role of access control

Intentional and Reactive Inhibition During Spoken-Word Stroop Task Performance in People With Aphasia

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