A reassessment of catatonia

Magrinat, Gaston; Danziger, Jeffrey A.; Lorenzo, Isabel C.; Flemenbaum, Abraham

doi:10.1016/0010-440x(83)90072-x

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The disorder was observed to progress toward dementia (Kahlbaum, 1973), which led Krae~elirl (1919) and Bleuler (1950) to designate catatonia as a subtype of s~hizo~hreniix (Magrinat, Danziger, Lorenzo, & Flemenbaum, 1983). In excited stages of th~e disorder, patients were observed to be hallucinating, irritable, and incoherent; at times, they showed such extremes of excitement and hyperactivity that thie conditions ended in death (Mann et al, 1986).…”

Section: Assessment Of Catatonic Schizophrenia 433mentioning

confidence: 93%

Psychological Assessment of Catatonic Schizophrenia

Curran

Marengo²

1990

Journal of Personality Assessment

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Probably due to the rarity of the disorder and the general inability of catatonic patients to cooperate with standardized assessment, no data exist documenting the psychological features associated with catatonic schizophrenia that may appear on psychological tests. This study utilized standard assessment techniques to examine clinical hypotheses regarding the psychogenic correlates of catatonic conditions from the performance of one man on psychological tests. In accordance with previous theory, test findings indicated frequent constriction, rigidity, and negativism in conjunction with compulsive traits. Experiences of cognitive and self-fragmentation were juxtaposed with a formal, mechanistic body ego; disorganization and discontinuity were countered with attempts at self-cohesion. Depressed feelings and human interest were apparent, although interpersonal relatedness was frequently characterized by an avoidant, distancing style.

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Section: Assessment Of Catatonic Schizophrenia 433mentioning

confidence: 93%

Psychological Assessment of Catatonic Schizophrenia

Curran

Marengo²

1990

Journal of Personality Assessment

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“…Schizophrenia continued to be considered the main cause of catatonia, but since Gelenberg's 1976 paper, 3 there have been several reports that have emphasized the organic and affective etiology of catatonia and catatonia-like symptomatology. [4][5][6] The validity of catatonic schizophrenia has been increasingly questioned, with greater emphasis now placed on the nonschizophrenic aspect.Though decreasing in incidence, 6 functional catatonia is relatively common in adults, but has been reported rarely in children. Bemporad and Dunton,7 in a survey of the international literature, found only 22 cases of catatonia in childhood and noted that seizure disorders were related to the appearance of the catatonic episodes in many.…”

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Prepubertal Catatonic Schizophrenia

Rahim

1990

Ann Saudi Med

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FEA Abdul Rahim, Prepubertal Catatonic Schizophrenia. 1990; 10(2): 207-210 The syndrome of catatonia was first described by Karl Kahlbaum in 1874, 1 and included the symptoms of catalepsy, negativism, mutism, stereotypy, posturing, muscular rigidity, and verbigeration. Emil Kraepelin 2 regarded catatonia as a subtype of the dementia praecox he described, and Bleuler later called this disorder schizophrenia. Schizophrenia continued to be considered the main cause of catatonia, but since Gelenberg's 1976 paper, 3 there have been several reports that have emphasized the organic and affective etiology of catatonia and catatonia-like symptomatology. [4][5][6] The validity of catatonic schizophrenia has been increasingly questioned, with greater emphasis now placed on the nonschizophrenic aspect.Though decreasing in incidence, 6 functional catatonia is relatively common in adults, but has been reported rarely in children. Bemporad and Dunton,7 in a survey of the international literature, found only 22 cases of catatonia in childhood and noted that seizure disorders were related to the appearance of the catatonic episodes in many. They believed the catatonia in two of their patients was psychogenic and suggested an oppositional mechanism. Feinberg 8 reported the case of a 14-year-old girl with fever of unknown origin that was diagnosed as acute catatonic schizophrenia after a lengthy medical evaluation showed no organic mechanism. However, her disorder was complicated by sepsis, thrombocytopenia, convulsions, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), with death occurring three months after admission, raising the possibility of a lethal form of catatonia.Belfer and d'Autremont 9 described catatonia-like symptoms in a 16-year-old and attributed them to an arteriovenous malformation in the left frontal lobe. Shah and Kaplan 10 reported catatonic symptoms in a 10-year-old girl with abnormal EEG tracings who exhibited a dramatic response to intravenously administered Phenytoin. They emphasized the organic etiology of catatonic symptoms in childhood. A case of steroid-induced catatonia was reported by Sullivan and Dickerman 11 in an 11-year-old boy with dermatomyositis. Among 12 patients with catatonia secondary to typhoid fever reported by Breakey and Kala, 12 one was a 7-yearold boy who showed gradual improvement when treated with chlorpromazine.Recently, five case reports have been published concerning adolescents with depressive stupor and other catatonic features followed by manic-like symptoms, suggesting the diagnosis of bipolar affective psychosis. [13][14][15][16] The conclusion was that catatonic signs in young adolescents should raise the suspicion of an underlying affective disorder rather than schizophrenia.The case of an 11-year-old schizophrenic boy presenting with catatonia is reported. In a search of the recent literature, I failed to find a similar case. The case reported emphasizes the possible schizophrenic etiology of the disorder. Case ReportAn 11-year-old Muslim boy of bedouin background was admitted...

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“…Magrinat et al [4] followed Kahlbaum's ex ample by stating that stupor was not a cata tonic feature, but instead a clinical condition in which catatonic features may occur. From this original consideration as an indepenent illness, catatonia came to be recog nized as a syndrome [5] towards the begin ning of the century and was described in asso ciation with other illnesses.…”

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Is Stupor by Itself a Catatonic Symptom?

Benegal

Hingorani²,

Khanna³

et al. 1992

Psychopathology

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Many patients present with stupor or substupor without classical catatonic signs as described by Kahlbaum. The phenome-nological literature is not clear as to whether stupor, when it presents alone, constitutes a separate syndrome or is a forme fruste of catatonia. All patients who presented with stupor, (a) partial or total mutism or (b) absent or decreased motor responses (n = 22), were compared with patients who also had classical catatonic signs such as negativism or waxy flexibility (n = 43) over a one-year period (1988), on sociodemographic and clinical variables. There were very few significant differences between the two groups (age, sex, diagnosis, duration of illness, number of ECTs required). The stupor group had a slight excess of patients with manic-depressive psychosis, depression and more frequently positive family histories of mental illness. The current study provides a tentative support to the hypothesis that stupor is a catatonic sign, and even when present alone can be considered to constitute a catatonic syndrome.

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A reassessment of catatonia

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Psychological Assessment of Catatonic Schizophrenia

Psychological Assessment of Catatonic Schizophrenia

Prepubertal Catatonic Schizophrenia

Is Stupor by Itself a Catatonic Symptom?

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