A Reappraisal of Polyploidy Events in Grasses (Poaceae) in a Rapidly Changing World

Cheng, Acga; Hanafiah, Noraikim Mohd; Harikrishna, Jennifer Ann; Lim, Phaik-Eem; Baisakh, Niranjan; Mispan, Muhamad Shakirin

doi:10.3390/biology11050636

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…As anthropogenic climate change continues to raise global temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, it is possible that plants could become more susceptible to pathogen attacks, raising the specter of massive crop losses (Lake and Wade 2009, Velásquez et al 2018). While it has been proposed that experimentation with polyploidy may improve crops in the face of nutritional and growth losses expected under future climate change (Cheng et al 2022), our results indicate that polyploidy is not a reliable path forward for increasing pathogen resistance in crops.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hagen,

Mason

2023

Oikos

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Polyploidy, the state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes, has been hypothesized to provide several evolutionary advantages to flowering plants including increased ability to resist pathogens and parasites. However, studies comparing pathogen resistance in conspecific and congeneric diploids and polyploids have produced mixed results. While the supposed relationship between polyploidy and pathogen resistance has been commented on in several narrative reviews, it has never been subjected to a systematic meta‐analysis. We examined the effect of polyploidy on pathogen resistance by synthesizing 214 effect sizes from 128 studies. We find that, overall, there is no consistent effect of polyploidy on pathogen resistance. Subgroup analyses suggest that polyploids perform significantly better than diploids only in resisting hemibiotrophic pathogens, and autopolyploids tend show greater resistance than allopolyploids. This is surprising given the fact that polyploids possess extra allele copies of R‐gene alleles that provide resistance to biotrophic pathogens, and this pattern may indicate that signaling cascades needed to elicit hypersensitive responses are disrupted by polyploidy. Disruption is supported by the observation that, across all pathogens, autopolyploids show significantly greater resistance compared to diploids, whereas allopolyploids do not. This is corroborated by the observation that synthetic autopolyploids perform significantly better than their allopolyploid and established counterparts. Regarding pathogen type, diploids show greater resistance than polyploids to pathogens that are fungi or nematodes. Analyses of publication bias indicate little to no bias, and analyses of heterogeneity indicate that phylogeny explains almost none of the observed heterogeneity. These results underscore the importance of not only systematic review but also the strong degree to which the effects of polyploidy depend on ecological context.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hagen,

Mason

2023

Oikos

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“…Organismal WGD is common in extant plants [19,61,[70][71][72], and is also observed in protists [73], fungi [4,62,74], bacteria and archaebacteria [75,76], and in several animal clades [12,34,47,48,50,51,77,78]. Evidence for ancestral whole genome polyploidization events is found in the genomes of organisms of most clades, including vertebrates [48,79,80].…”

Section: Causes and Downstream Effects For Wgdmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Emerging Animal Model for Querying the Role of Whole Genome Duplication in Development, Evolution, and Disease

Schvarzstein¹,

Alam²,

Toure³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Whole genome duplication (WGD) or polyploidization can occur at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. At the cellular level, tetraploidization has been proposed as a driver of aneuploidy and genome instability, and correlates strongly with cancer progression, metastasis, and development of drugs resistance[1–6]. WGD is also a key developmental strategy for regulating cell size, metabolism, and cellular function[1,7–10]. In specific tissues, WGD is involved in normal development (e.g. organogenesis), tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and regeneration[10–17]. At the organismal level, WGD propels evolutionary processes such as adaptation[18], speciation[19], and crop domestication[20]. An essential strategy to further our understanding of the mechanisms promoting WGD and its effects is to compare isogenic strains that differ only in their ploidy. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is emerging as an animal model for these comparisons, in part because relatively stable and fertile tetraploid strains can be produced rapidly from nearly any diploid strain[7]. Here we review the use of Caenorhabditis polyploids as tools to understand important developmental processes (e.g. sex determination, dosage compensation, and allometric relationships)[21–27] and cellular processes (e.g. cell cycle regulation, chromosome dynamics during meiosis)[28–32]. We also discuss how the unique characteristics of the C. elegans WGD model will enable significant advances in our understanding of mechanisms of polyploidization and its role in development and disease.

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“…Organismal WGD is common in extant plants [ 7 , 32 , 61 , 62 , 63 ] and is also observed in protists [ 64 ], fungi [ 51 , 65 , 66 ], bacteria, and archaebacteria [ 67 , 68 ] and in several animal clades [ 2 , 12 , 35 , 36 , 40 , 41 , 69 , 70 ]. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the effects of WGD are comparable with increased resistance to UV irradiation, cell size, adaptability to environmental changes, and evolvability [ 28 , 71 ].…”

Section: Whole Genome Duplication In Development Evolution and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

An Emerging Animal Model for Querying the Role of Whole Genome Duplication in Development, Evolution, and Disease

Schvarzstein

Alam

Toure

et al. 2023

JDB

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Whole genome duplication (WGD) or polyploidization can occur at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. At the cellular level, tetraploidization has been proposed as a driver of aneuploidy and genome instability and correlates strongly with cancer progression, metastasis, and the development of drug resistance. WGD is also a key developmental strategy for regulating cell size, metabolism, and cellular function. In specific tissues, WGD is involved in normal development (e.g., organogenesis), tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and regeneration. At the organismal level, WGD propels evolutionary processes such as adaptation, speciation, and crop domestication. An essential strategy to further our understanding of the mechanisms promoting WGD and its effects is to compare isogenic strains that differ only in their ploidy. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is emerging as an animal model for these comparisons, in part because relatively stable and fertile tetraploid strains can be produced rapidly from nearly any diploid strain. Here, we review the use of Caenorhabditis polyploids as tools to understand important developmental processes (e.g., sex determination, dosage compensation, and allometric relationships) and cellular processes (e.g., cell cycle regulation and chromosome dynamics during meiosis). We also discuss how the unique characteristics of the C. elegans WGD model will enable significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of polyploidization and its role in development and disease.

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A Reappraisal of Polyploidy Events in Grasses (Poaceae) in a Rapidly Changing World

Cited by 6 publications

References 78 publications

Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

An Emerging Animal Model for Querying the Role of Whole Genome Duplication in Development, Evolution, and Disease

An Emerging Animal Model for Querying the Role of Whole Genome Duplication in Development, Evolution, and Disease

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