A Reappraisal of Fitts’ Law

Sheridan, Martin R.

doi:10.1080/00222895.1979.10735186

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Equation (2) better describes an individual"s data in a discrete aiming task and better captures group performance over a wider range of tasks than equation (1) (see e.g., Kerr 1974, Sheridan 1979, Welford 1968, p. 153, MacKenzie 1989. Thus, the execution of aiming actions takes (on average) a constant period of time that can be predicted for a given individual carrying out a specific task on the basis of target size and target distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of distance on reaction time in aiming movements

et al. 2007

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Target distance affects movement duration in aiming tasks but its effect on reaction time is poorly documented. RT is a function of both preparation and initiation. Experiment 1 precued movement (allowing advanced preparation) and found no influence of distance on RT.Thus, target distance does not affect initiation time. Experiment 2 removed pre-cue information and found that preparing a movement of increased distance lengthens RT.Experiment 3 explored movements to targets of cued size at non-cued distances and found size altered peak speed and movement duration but RT was influenced by distance alone.Thus, amplitude influences preparation time (for reasons other than altered duration) but not initiation time. We hypothesise that the RT distance effect might be due to the increased number of possible trajectories associated with further targets: a hypothesis that can be tested in future experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of distance on reaction time in aiming movements

et al. 2007

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“…Movement is restricted by the structure of the arm. A limb is maneuvered by a series of controlled movements carried out under visually guided feedback [21]. Furthermore, we must move our eyes to the target before we move the mouse.…”

Section: Study Of Eye Gaze Versus Mouse Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of eye gaze interaction

Sibert

Jacob

2000

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

386

225

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Eye gaze interaction can provide a convenient and natural addition to user-computer dialogues. We have previously reported on our interaction techniques using eye gaze [10]. While our techniques seemed useful in demonstration, we now investigate their strengths and weaknesses in a controlled setting.In this paper, we present two experiments that compare an interaction technique we developed for object selection based on a where a person is looking with the most commonly used selection method using a mouse. We find that our eye gaze interaction technique is faster than selection with a mouse. The results show that our algorithm, which makes use of knowledge about how the eyes behave, preserves the natural quickness of the eye. Eye gaze interaction is a reasonable addition to computer interaction and is convenient in situations where it is important to use the hands for other tasks. It is particularly beneficial for the larger screen workspaces and virtual environments of the future, and it will become increasingly practical as eye tracker technology matures.

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“…The data collected for each amplitude condition will obey a specific quadratic (or power) law and the grouped data will be a mixture of the slightly different laws due to slightly different parameters. From an external point of view, this could be misinterpreted as different relative contributions of ⌬D and D in these conditions, as has been suggested by Sheridan (1979) and Welford et al (1969).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In contrast to the implicit assumption of Fitts' law, it has been suggested -following the example of Welford et al (1969) -that amplitude and target width do not possess equal weight in the determination of movement time (Sheridan 1979). The disproportionate increase in movement time caused by reductions in target width compared to similar increases in target amplitude has also been noted directly from their data (Buck 1986;Jagacinski et al 1980a;Jagacinski & Monk 1985;Keele 1973;Meyer et al 1988;Welford et al 1969), or indirectly from the analysis of the error-rate, which was found to increase as target width decreases independently of target amplitude (Card et al 1978;Wade et al 1978).…”

Section: Spatially Constrained Movements Where Both a And W Are Givenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Welford's (1968) insight, and the results of other investigators (e.g., Buck 1986;Fowler et al 1982;MacKenzie et al 1987;Meyer et al 1988;Sheridan 1979), we wish to urge other researchers to analyze MT and kinematics considering the separate effects of A and W. This may help to elucidate the underlying motor control processes. The two-part model has implications for design in HCI, where the scale of A and W for the hand can be altered by choice of control-display gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distance versus position information in the control of aiming movements

Wieringen¹,

Beek²

1997

Behav Brain Sci

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Abstract:This target article presents a critical survey of the scientific literature dealing with the speed/accuracy trade-offs in rapid-aimed movements. It highlights the numerous mathematical and theoretical interpretations that have been proposed in recent decades. Although the variety of points of view reflects the richness of the field and the high degree of interest that such basic phenomena attract in the understanding of human movements, it calls into question the ability of 'many models to explain the basic observations consistently reported in the field. This target article summarizes the kinematic theory of rapid human movements, proposed recently by R. Plamondon (1993b; 1993c;, and analyzes its predictions in the context of speed/accuracy trade-offs. Data from human movement literature are reanalyzed and reinterpreted in the context of the new theory. It is shown that the various aspects of speed/accuracy tradeoffs can be taken into account by considering the asymptotic behavior of a large number of coupled linear systems, from which a deltalognormal law can be derived to describe the velocity profile of an end-effector driven by a neuromuscular synergy. This law not only describes velocity profiles almost perfectly, it also predicts the kinematic properties of simple rapid movements and provides a consistent framework for the analysis of different types of speed/accuracy trade-offs using a quadratic (or power) law that emerges from the model.

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A Reappraisal of Fitts’ Law

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of distance on reaction time in aiming movements

The effect of distance on reaction time in aiming movements

Evaluation of eye gaze interaction

Distance versus position information in the control of aiming movements

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