A reappraisal of explosive–effusive silicic eruption dynamics: syn-eruptive assembly of lava from the products of cryptic fragmentation

Wadsworth, Fabian B.; Llewellin, Edward W.; Castro, Jonathan M.; Tuffen, Hugh; Schipper, C. Ian; Gardner, James E.; Vasseur, Jérémie; Foster, Annabelle; Damby, David E.; McIntosh, I. M.; Boettcher, Sina; Unwin, Holly E.; Heap, Michael; Farquharson, Jamie; Dingwell, Donald B.; Iacovino, Kayla; Paisley, Rebecca; Jones, Calvin; Whattam, Jack

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107672

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…The Chaitén dome-forming stage also revealed unprecedentedly high extrusion rates (~65 m 3 /s) for silicic magmas (Pallister et al, 2013), an observation that was also recognized for the PCCVC rhyolitic lava flow emplaced in 2011-2012 (~70 m 3 /s; Bertin et al, 2015a). The simultaneous explosive-effusive activity observed in these two eruptions has challenged the classic models for silicic eruption dynamics (e.g., Schipper et al, 2013;Tuffen et al, 2013;Wadsworth et al, 2022). Mechanisms such as outgassing through magmatic fracturing and localized fragmentation and welding within the conduit may have played a role in sustaining hybrid activity and facilitating explosive-effusive transitions (Schipper et al, 2021;Crozier et al, 2022;Wadsworth et al, 2022).…”

Section: New Perspectives On Eruption Mechanisms and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The simultaneous explosive-effusive activity observed in these two eruptions has challenged the classic models for silicic eruption dynamics (e.g., Schipper et al, 2013;Tuffen et al, 2013;Wadsworth et al, 2022). Mechanisms such as outgassing through magmatic fracturing and localized fragmentation and welding within the conduit may have played a role in sustaining hybrid activity and facilitating explosive-effusive transitions (Schipper et al, 2021;Crozier et al, 2022;Wadsworth et al, 2022). Both silicic eruptions were likely sourced from multiple bodies of magma as suggested by geodetic data (Delgado et al, 2022) or tephra geochemistry (Alloway et al, 2015).…”

Section: New Perspectives On Eruption Mechanisms and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Andean Southern Volcanic Zone: a review on the legacy of the latest volcanic eruptions

Romero,

Vergara-Pinto,

Forte

et al. 2024

andgeo

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The Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) concentrates many of the most active volcanoes of the Andean continental arc, as well as the region’s most recent and impactful volcanic eruptions. In this contribution, we briefly revise the general characteristics of the SVZ volcanism and provide a synthesis of the scientific findings related to the latest volcanic eruptions (430 peer-reviewed publications with over 9,000 citations, with large-magnitude (VEI 4-5) eruptions being the most studied. Our study shows that SVZ research has been primarily focused on environmental and atmospheric impacts (29%), eruption descriptions and physical volcanology (20%), volcanic hazard and risk assessments (15%), and other investigations complementary to volcanology. Whereas the least silicic eruptions (e.g., Llaima 2008-2009 and Villarrica 2015) shed light on magma replenishment and degassing dynamics controlling eruption styles, intermediate eruptions (andesitic-dacitic) offered clues on either rapid or slow eruption initiation, with relevant findings on phreatic-to-magmatic style transitions and eruption triggering mechanisms. On the other hand, silicic (i.e., rhyolite-rhyodacite) eruptions provided unique observations on rapid magma ascent, high-rate magma extrusion, rheology, fragmentation processes, and style transitions. These recent eruptions have also inspired a new generation of tephrochronological, tephrostratigraphical, and physical volcanology studies, aimed at assessing the long-term (kyr-scale) evolution of the volcanic systems and their associated hazards. We debate how the knowledge gained from research and the long-term human coexistence with volcanoes are relevant to reducing volcanic risk in the SVZ. Finally, we discuss how challenges and opportunities emerging from other disciplines can complement our understanding of volcanism in this active region.

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Section: New Perspectives On Eruption Mechanisms and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: New Perspectives On Eruption Mechanisms and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Andean Southern Volcanic Zone: a review on the legacy of the latest volcanic eruptions

Romero,

Vergara-Pinto,

Forte

et al. 2024

andgeo

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“…3a) (e.g. Castro et al 2016;Wadsworth et al 2022). Between the ~8th June and 3 rd July 2011, surface elevations in a ~12 km 2 area around the vent site increased by up to ~240 m; these elevation changes can partly be attributed to eruption of a ~35-60 m thick lava, but primarily relate to intrusion-induced surface uplift of previous tephra layers (i.e.…”

Section: Cordón Caullementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3a) (e.g. Castro et al 2016;Wadsworth et al 2022). Subsidence of up to 40 m occurred across the forced fold from August 2011 onwards, and has been related to magma migration out of the laccolith (perhaps coupled with thermal contraction) (Zheng et al 2020) or sintering of pyroclasts during intrusion growth (Wadsworth et al 2022).…”

Section: Cordón Caullementioning

confidence: 99%

Fractures and faults across intrusion-induced forced folds: a georesource perspective

Magee¹

2023

Preprint

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Intruding magma can create space by uplift and elastic bending of the overburden, which locally fractures the deforming volume and produces dome-like forced folds. Due to their geometry and fracture network, such intrusion-induced forced folds make ideal fluid traps. As these forced folds are common in many volcanic settings and sedimentary basins, they present exploration targets for water, magmatic-related mineral and metal deposits, and CO2 storage. Here, I map fracture networks and quantify their geometry and connectivity across a range of natural and modelled intrusion-induced forced folds. I show that there is a strong relationship between forced fold length and amplitude, and all fracture networks comprise traces with variable lengths and orientations, and are more intense and denser where fold curvature is greatest. Fracture length populations are typically best described by power-law distributions, but some fit better to log-normal or exponential distributions. Connectivity of fracture networks is low and generally increases with folding, but resurfacing by eruptive products can disrupt this trend. My work supports previous analyses of forced folds and fractures, suggesting that their geometries may not be diagnostic of the fold driver. We can thus use exposed forced folds to help predict fracture characteristics of buried forced folds.

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“…The management of such crises, with durations varying from a few weeks to a few years, is typically associated with large uncertainties in relation to the spatio-temporal evolution of the associated hazards. Here, hybrid eruption refer to the simultaneous emission of lava flows and tephra (Pioli et al, 2009;Bonadonna et al, 2022;Wadsworth et al, 2022), causing multiple hazards able to interact and evolve into compound impacts that further increase uncertainty that authorities must handle during decision-making processes. Preventive evacuation of the most exposed areas is usually the first mitigation strategy adopted in volcanic crises (e.g., 2007Kelut (De Bélizal et al, 2012, 2010 Merapi (Mei et al, 2013), 2010 Sinabung and 2014 Kelut eruptions, Indonesia (Andreastuti et al, 2019)) and is an effective way to minimize fatalities or injuries (Lindell and Perry, 1993;UNISDR, 2009;Marrero et al, 2013;Tomsen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal evolution of roof collapse from tephra fallout during the 2021-Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Spain)

Reyes-Hardy,

Biass,

Dominguez

et al. 2024

Front. Earth Sci.

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Although dominantly effusive, the 2021 Tajogaite eruption from Cumbre Vieja volcano (La Palma, Spain) produced a wide tephra blanket over 85 days of activity. About one month after the eruption onset, clean-up operations were implemented to mitigate the impact of tephra load on primary buildings. Here, we present a post-event impact assessment of 764 primary buildings, which expands our empirical knowledge of building vulnerability to tephra fallout to include impacts from long-lasting eruptions. Field observations are analyzed in the perspective of existing fragility curves, high-resolution satellite imagery and a reconstruction of the spatio-temporal evolution of the tephra blanket to characterize the evolution of roof collapse due to static loads over time. Thanks to a chronological correlation between the temporal evolution of tephra sedimentation and the timing of clean-up operations, we quantified their effectiveness in mitigating roof collapse. If no clean-up measures had been taken 11% of the surveyed buildings would have exceeded a 75% probability of roof collapse, while only 10 roof collapses have been observed (1.3% of the analysed buildings). This work provides key insights for further development of emergency plans for the management of long-lasting eruptions characterised by the sustained emission of tephra over weeks to months.

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A reappraisal of explosive–effusive silicic eruption dynamics: syn-eruptive assembly of lava from the products of cryptic fragmentation

Cited by 14 publications

References 125 publications

The Andean Southern Volcanic Zone: a review on the legacy of the latest volcanic eruptions

The Andean Southern Volcanic Zone: a review on the legacy of the latest volcanic eruptions

Fractures and faults across intrusion-induced forced folds: a georesource perspective

Temporal evolution of roof collapse from tephra fallout during the 2021-Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Spain)

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