A reappraisal of biological silicification in plants?

Exley, Christopher; Guerriero, Gea

doi:10.1111/nph.15752

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Recent empirical studies demonstrated the simultaneous operation of passive uptake mechanisms and actively facilitated Si uptake through Si uptake transporter (Sun et al, 2016b;Yan et al, 2018). Yet other researchers have suggested that the low permeability of Lsi1 does not permit the transfer of silicic acid at all (Exley et al, 2020). Thus, it remains debated what contribution active and passive Si transporters make during Si uptake by the different plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…tomato, mustard, and soybean) strongly discriminate against Si during uptake (Epstein, 1999;Hodson et al, 2005;Ma et al, 2001;Takahashi et al, 1990). However, whether the terminology "active" or "passive" is justified is subject to an intense debate that revolves around the evidence for involvement of an active, metabolically controlled process in some plant species (Coskun et al, 2019a;Exley, 2015;Exley et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…germanium and the radionuclide 68 Ge). Both techniques impose limitations on growth experiments, either due to safety concerns arising from radioactivity or due to physiological differences between the homologue elements Ge and Si (Exley et al, 2020;Takahashi et al, 1990). As a homologue element, Ge is taken up in the same form as Si, Ge(OH) 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicon uptake and isotope fractionation dynamics by crop species

et al. 2020

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Abstract. That silicon is an important element in global biogeochemical cycles is widely recognised. Recently, its relevance for global crop production has gained increasing attention in light of possible deficits in plant-available Si in soil. Silicon is beneficial for plant growth and is taken up in considerable amounts by crops like rice or wheat. However, plants differ in the way they take up silicic acid from soil solution, with some species rejecting silicic acid while others actively incorporate it. Yet because the processes governing Si uptake and regulation are not fully understood, these classifications are subject to intense debate. To gain a new perspective on the processes involved, we investigated the dependence of silicon stable isotope fractionation on silicon uptake strategy, transpiration, water use, and Si transfer efficiency. Crop plants with rejective (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, and mustard, Sinapis alba) and active (spring wheat, Triticum aestivum) Si uptake were hydroponically grown for 6 weeks. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the silicon concentration and isotopic composition of the nutrient solution, the roots, and the shoots were determined. We found that measured Si uptake does not correlate with the amount of transpired water and is thus distinct from Si incorporation expected for unspecific passive uptake. We interpret this lack of correlation to indicate a highly selective Si uptake mechanism. All three species preferentially incorporated light 28Si, with a fractionation factor 1000×ln (α) of −0.33 ‰ (tomato), −0.55 ‰ (mustard), and −0.43 ‰ (wheat) between growth medium and bulk plant. Thus, even though the rates of active and passive Si root uptake differ, the physico-chemical processes governing Si uptake and stable isotope fractionation do not. We suggest that isotope fractionation during root uptake is governed by a diffusion process. In contrast, the transport of silicic acid from the roots to the shoots depends on the amount of silicon previously precipitated in the roots and the presence of active transporters in the root endodermis, facilitating Si transport into the shoots. Plants with significant biogenic silica precipitation in roots (mustard and wheat) preferentially transport silicon depleted in 28Si into their shoots. If biogenic silica is not precipitated in the roots, Si transport is dominated by a diffusion process, and hence light silicon 28Si is preferentially transported into the tomato shoots. This stable Si isotope fingerprinting of the processes that transfer biogenic silica between the roots and shoots has the potential to track Si availability and recycling in soils and to provide a monitor for efficient use of plant-available Si in agricultural production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicon uptake and isotope fractionation dynamics by crop species

et al. 2020

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“…With interest, we read the Letter by Exley & Guerriero (; in this issue of New Phytologist , pp. 511–513) ‘A reappraisal of biological silicification in plants?’ in response to our recent Tansley review on the biological roles of silicon (Si) (Coskun et al ., ).…”

Section: A Response To Exley and Guerriero () ‘A Reappraisal Of Biologimentioning

confidence: 99%

In defence of the selective transport and role of silicon in plants

et al. 2019

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“…The destructive feeding behavior of phytophagous larvae in the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera is well documented to cause excessive damage to agricultural crops [8][9][10]. Continuous developments of insecticides or antifeedants such as silicon for pest management are greatly needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Precocene I from Desmosstachya bipinnata as an Effective Bioactive Molecules against the Spodoptera litura Fab. and Its Impact on Eisenia fetida Savigny

et al. 2021

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The sustainability of agroecosystems are maintained with agro-chemicals. However, after more than 80 years of intensive use, many pests and pathogens have developed resistance to the currently used chemistries. Thus, we explored the isolation and bioactivity of a chemical compound, Precocene I, isolated from the perennial grass, Desmosstachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf. Fractions produced from chloroform extractions showed suppressive activity on larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the Oriental armyworm. Column chromatography analyses identified Precocene I confirmed using FTIR, HPLC and NMR techniques. The bioactivity of the plant-extracted Dp-Precocene I was compared to a commercially produced Precocene I standard. The percentage of mortality observed in insects fed on plant tissue treated with 60 ppm Db-Precocene I was 97, 87 and 81, respectively, for the second, third and fourth instar larvae. The LC50 value of third instars was 23.2 ppm. The percentages of survival, pupation, fecundity and egg hatch were altered at sub-lethal concentrations of Db-Precocene I (2, 4, 6 and 8 ppm, sprays on castor leaves). The observed effects were negatively correlated with concentration, with a decrease in effects as concentrations increased. Distinct changes in feeding activity and damage to gut tissues were observed upon histological examination of S. litura larvae after the ingestion of Db-Precocene I treatments. Comparative analyses of mortality on a non-target organism, the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, at equal concentrations of Precocene I and two chemical pesticides (cypermethrin and monocrotophos) produced mortality only with the chemical pesticide treatments. These results of Db-Precocene I as a highly active bioactive compound support further research to develop production from the grass D. bipinnata as an affordable resource for Precocene-I-based insecticides.

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A reappraisal of biological silicification in plants?

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Silicon uptake and isotope fractionation dynamics by crop species

Silicon uptake and isotope fractionation dynamics by crop species

In defence of the selective transport and role of silicon in plants

Efficacy of Precocene I from Desmosstachya bipinnata as an Effective Bioactive Molecules against the Spodoptera litura Fab. and Its Impact on Eisenia fetida Savigny

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