A Real-Time Spoofing Detection Method Using Three Low-Cost Antennas in Satellite Navigation

Abstract

The vulnerability of civil receivers of the Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) to spoofing jamming has raised significant concerns in recent times. Traditional multi-antenna spoofing detection methods are limited in application scenarios and come with high hardware costs. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel GNSS spoofing detection method utilizing three low-cost collinear antennas. By leveraging the collinearity information of the antennas, this method effectively constrains the observation equation, leading to improved estimation accuracy of the pointing vector. Furthermore, by employing a binary statistical detection model based on the sum of squares (SSE) between the observed value and the estimated value of the pointing vector, real-time spoofing signal detection is enabled. Simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed statistical model, with the error of the skewness coefficient not exceeding 0.026. Experimental results further demonstrate that the collinear antenna-based method reduces the standard deviation of the angle deviation of the pointing vector by over 55.62% in the presence of spoofing signals. Moreover, the experiments indicate that with a 1 m baseline, this method achieves 100% spoofing detection.

Metasurface loaded dual band antenna for high gain on- and off- body communication

“…They serve as the interface between electronic devices and the electromagnetic spectrum having a number of primary functions including the transmission of electromagnetic signals, reception of incoming signals, and directing energy in specific directions [3,4]. Moreover, they are capable of focusing signals on specific directions, enabling point-topoint communication, beamforming, and spatial diversity techniques [5]. This is crucial for efficient data transmission and reducing interference [6,7].…”

A MIMO antenna array featuring dual wideband and high gain for 5G NR n257/n258/n260/n261 bands applications

“…Proposed low frequency dual-driven magnetoelectric antennas with self-biased ME (magnetoelectric) heterostructures and small coils is proposed in [45], enhancing transmitted magnetic field and SNR (signalto-noise ratio) through synergistic effects. Reference [46] proposes a cost-effective GNSS (Global Satellite Navigation System) spoofing detection method using three collinear antennas, enhancing estimation accuracy and enabling real-time detection, with simulation and experimental results validating its efficacy, achieving 100% detection with a 1 m baseline. A novel slow-time Frequency-Diverse Array Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (FDA-MIMO) technique is proposed for STAP (space-time adaptive processing) radar, leveraging the inherent slow-time coding feature to enhance target localization and clutter suppression performance, while eliminating time-variant pattern effects and surpassing state-of-the-art FDA radar systems [47].…”