A real-time PCR screening assay for the universal detection of lumpy skin disease virus DNA

Sprygin, Alexander; Byadovskaya, Olga; Kononova, Svetlana; Valeriy, Zakharov; Pestova, Yana; Prutnikov, Pavel; Кононов, А. В.

doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4412-z

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The final elution was conducted with nuclease-free water. The presence of LSDV DNA was initially confirmed by screening with PCR reported previously [31]. The isolates used in the study are outlined in Table 1.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of recombination of vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease virus with field strains, causing disease

et al. 2020

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Vaccination against lumpy skin disease (LSD) is crucial for maintaining the health of animals and the economic sustainability of farming. Either homologous vaccines consisting of live attenuated LSD virus (LSDV) or heterologous vaccines consisting of live attenuated sheeppox or goatpox virus (SPPV/GPPV) can be used for control of LSDV. Although SPPV/ GTPV-based vaccines exhibit slightly lower efficacy than live attenuated LSDV vaccines, they do not cause vaccine-induced viremia, fever, and clinical symptoms of the disease following vaccination, caused by the replication capacity of live attenuated LSDVs. Recombination of capripoxviruses in the field was a long-standing hypothesis until a naturally occurring recombinant LSDV vaccine isolate was detected in Russia, where the sheeppox vaccine alone is used. This occurred after the initiation of vaccination campaigns using LSDV vaccines in the neighboring countries in 2017, when the first cases of presumed vaccine-like isolate circulation were documented with concurrent detection of a recombinant vaccine isolate in the field. The follow-up findings presented herein show that during the period from 2015 to 2018, the molecular epidemiology of LSDV in Russia split into two independent waves. The 2015-2016 epidemic was attributable to the field isolate. Whereas the 2017 epidemic and, in particular, the 2018 epidemic represented novel disease importations that were not genetically linked to the 2015-2016 field-type incursions. This demonstrated a new emergence rather than the continuation of the field-type epidemic. Since recombinant vaccine-like LSDV isolates appear to have entrenched across the country's border, the policy of using certain live vaccines requires revision in the context of the biosafety threat it presents.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of recombination of vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease virus with field strains, causing disease

et al. 2020

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“…. Sample extracts were analyzed using real-time PCR for the presence of LSDV DNA, as previously described by Sprygin et al 25 . The fluorogenic probe was labeled at the 5′ end with the FAM reporter dye and with BHQ as a quencher at the 3′ end.…”

Section: Real-time Pcr (Quantitative [Q] Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR was performed using a Rotor-Gene Q (Qiagen, Germany) instrument and the following thermal-cycling profile: 95 °C for 10 min, followed by 45 cycles at 95 °C for 15 seconds (s) and 60 °C for 60 s. The final reaction volume was 25 μL containing 10 pmol of each primer, as well as 5 pmol of the probe, 25 mM MgCl 2 , 5 μL 5× PCR Buffer (Promega, USA), 1 μL of 10 pmol dNTPs (Invitrogen, USA), and deionized water to make up the final volume. Samples were tested and results interpreted according to the protocol, as previously described 25 . Table 2.…”

Section: Real-time Pcr (Quantitative [Q] Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus

Кононов

Byadovskaya

David

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The transmission of "lumpy skin disease virus" (LSDV) has prompted intensive research efforts due to the rapid spread and high impact of the disease in recent years, especially in eastern europe and Balkan countries. in this study, we experimentally evaluate the vaccine-derived virulent recombinant LSDV strain (Saratov/2017) and provide solid evidence on the capacity of the virus for transmission in a vectorproof environment. In the 60-day long experiment, we used inoculated bulls (IN group) and two groups of in-contact animals (C1 and C2), with the former (C1) being in contact with the inoculated animals at the onset of the trial and the latter (C2) being introduced at day 33 of the experiment. The infection in both groups of contact animals was confirmed clinically, serologically and virologically, and viremia was demonstrated in blood, nasal and ocular excretions, using molecular tools. further studies into LSDV biology are a priority to gain insights into whether the hypothesized indirect contact mode evidenced in this study is a de novo-created feature, absent from both parental stains of the novel (recombinant) LSDV isolate used, or whether it was dormant, but then unlocked by the process of genetic recombination. Author summary: in global terms, LSD has been termed a "neglected disease" due to its historic natural occurrence of being restricted to Africa and, occasionally, israel. However, after its slow spread throughout the Middle east, the disease is now experiencing a resurgence of research interest following a recent and rapid spread into more northern latitudes. Given the dearth of solid findings on potential transmission mechanisms, no efficient or reliable control program currently exists, which does not involve the use of live attenuated vaccines or stamping out policies-both of which are controversial for implementation in non-endemic regions or countries. the vector-borne mode is the only working concept currently available, but with scarce evidence to support the aggressive spread northwards-except for human-assisted spread, including legal or illegal animal transportation. the emergence of outbreaks is not consistently linked to weather conditions, with the potential for new outbreaks to occur and spread rapidly. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence for indirect contact-mode transmission for a naturally-occurring recombinant LSDV isolated from the field. In an insect-proof facility, we obtained solid evidence that the novel LSDV strain can pass to in-contact animals. Given the recombinant nature of the virus utilised, its genetic background relating to the observed transmission pattern within the study needs to be delineated.

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“…Alexander et al (2019) reported the development of a new real-time PCR for the detection of LSD virus (LSDV) field, vaccine and recombinant strains as a follow-up of the finding byKononov et al (2019) of vaccine-like LSDV strains outbreaks in Russia and of a recombined LSDV as reported bySprygin et al (2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy skin disease epidemiological report IV: data collection and analysis

Calistri¹,

Clercq²,

Gubbins³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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In 2019, no lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks were reported in South‐Eastern Europe, the mass vaccination regional campaign with homologous LSD vaccine continued for the fourth year with over 1.8 million bovines vaccinated in the region, preventing further outbreaks since 2016. LSD outbreaks were reported in Turkey, including western Turkey, in Russia and in eastern Asia affecting China, Bangladesh and India for the first time. The use of homologous vaccine should be considered in the countries still affected in order to eliminate the virus. Besides passive surveillance, which is implemented in all the countries, active surveillance for early detection based on clinical examination could be conducted ideally during April–October every 5 weeks in at‐risk areas, based on possible re‐emergence or re‐introduction from affected neighbouring countries. Active surveillance for proving disease freedom could be based on serological testing (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) targeting 3.5% seroprevalence and conducted on a random sample of cattle herds on non‐vaccinated animals. LSD re‐emerged in Israel in 2019, after vaccination became voluntary. This shows that, if the virus is still circulating in the region, the reduced protection might result in re‐emergence of LSD. In case of re‐emergence, a contingency plan and vaccine stockpiling would be needed, in order to react quickly. From a study performed in Israel to test side effects of live‐attenuated homologous LSD vaccine, milk production can be reduced during 7 days after vaccination (around 6–8 kg per cow), without a significant loss in the 30 days after vaccination. Research needs should be focused on the probability of transmission from insect to bovine, the virus inactivation rate in insects, the collection of baseline entomological data, the capacity of vector species in LSDV transmission linked to studies on their abundance and the control of Stomoxys calcitrans being the most important vector in LSD transmission.

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A real-time PCR screening assay for the universal detection of lumpy skin disease virus DNA

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Evidence of recombination of vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease virus with field strains, causing disease

Evidence of recombination of vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease virus with field strains, causing disease

Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus

Lumpy skin disease epidemiological report IV: data collection and analysis

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