A Real-Time Internal Calibration Method for Radar Systems Using Digital Phase Array Antennas

Viet, Hung Tran; Minh, Thien Hoang

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77424-0_8

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

2021

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77424-0_8

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A Real-Time Internal Calibration Method for Radar Systems Using Digital Phase Array Antennas

Hung Tran Viet

Thien Hoang Minh

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…From ( 1) and ( 2), DBU P is proportional to the product of N and D in the positive direction. Therefore, since the number of TMs, N, is fixed, DBU P can be reduced by reducing D. However, according to our previous conclusions [9], this contradicts the requirements for measurement time of errors and quality of calibration. The calculation and simulation results in MatLab showed that, if D 1/45 and N 128, the noise power gain DBU dB P    5.8 dB, which is too large for digital beamforming and signal processing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In [9], we proposed a feasible method for internal calibration of receiving channels. Here, the CalSig structure is a signal that has the same frequency spectrum as the reflected signal, modulated in phase and amplitude according to BPSK and OOK codes and having a peak power equivalent to the internal noise power level of the receiving channel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculation and simulation results in MatLab showed that, if D 1/45 and N 128, the noise power gain DBU dB P    5.8 dB, which is too large for digital beamforming and signal processing. Thus, the approach to internal calibration of receiving channels presented in [9], although having advantages over conventional approaches, cannot be considered exhaustive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The logic is as follows: establishing a set of pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs from the basic CalSig, leading to a very low correlation coefficient between them. This proposal is an improvement of the calibration method described in [9]. The research results are simulated in the MatLab environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A structural scheme describing the formation of CalSigs. As shown in [9], we derived the phase and amplitude modulation from the basic CalSig Then the structural scheme will have the form as shown in Fig. 4, a.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the Structure of a Signal Used for Real-Time Calibrating of the Receiving Channels of Digital Transceiver Modules in Digital Phased Antenna Arrays

Viet

Minh

2021

Izv. vysš. učebn. zaved. Ross., Radioèlektron.

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Introduction. Modern digital phased array antenna (DPAA) systems incorporate a large number of identical transceiver modules (TMs). These modules require real-time calibration with a high level of accuracy. In a previous work, we proposed a real-time calibration method for all receiver channels, which is based on the use of a calibration signal (CalSig) of the same frequency spectrum as the reflected signal and modulated in phase and amplitude by BPSK and OOK codes, respectively. This method was found to have a number of advantages over conventional approaches. However, the use of the same CalSig sample for all receiving channels increases the noise power gain at the output of a digital beam-forming unit (DBU). To overcome this limitation, we set out to improve the structure of CalSigs by making them pseudo-orthogonal. As a result, the noise power gain at the DBU output can be significantly reduced compared to that obtained in our previous work.Aim. To propose an improved design of a controlled amplitude modulation code OOK generator, which allows creation of pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs. As a result, the noise power gain at the output will increase insignificantly, thus having no negative effect on the quality of digital beam forming, signal processing and calibration.Materials and methods. Theory of system engineering and technology; theory of digital signal processing; system analysis; mathematical modeling.Results. An improved CalSig for calibrating the receiving channels of TMs was obtained. A structural diagram allowing the formation of pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs was synthesized.Conclusions. We proposed a new approach to improving the structure of signals used for real-time calibrating the DPAA receiving channels. A structural diagram of an amplitude-modulated OOK code generator for pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs was developed.

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mentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the Structure of a Signal Used for Real-Time Calibrating of the Receiving Channels of Digital Transceiver Modules in Digital Phased Antenna Arrays

Viet

Minh

2021

Izv. vysš. učebn. zaved. Ross., Radioèlektron.

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Synthesis of Algorithms and Procedures for Real-Time Internal Calibration of Receiving Channels in Digital Phased Antenna Arrays

Tran

Hoang

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Izv. vysš. učebn. zaved. Ross., Radioèlektron.

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Introduction. Real-time calibration is essential for maintaining the performance of modern digital phased antenna array (DPAA) systems. Previous papers have proposed a method of real-time internal calibration for all receiving channels. This method uses a calibration signal (CalSig) of the same frequency spectrum as the received signal, modulated in phase and amplitude by the binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and on–off keying (OOK) codes, respectively. With the purpose of improving the method, we propose an algorithm for estimating the phase and amplitude parameters of each receiving channel on the basis of continuous phase correlation accumulation of CalSig samples.Aim. Synthesis of algorithms and procedures for real-time internal calibration of receiving channels in digital phased antenna arrays.Materials and methods. Calibration algorithms and calibration procedure were analyzed and synthesized using the methods of systems analysis. In addition, the methods of systems engineering and technology, digital processing of radar signals and synthesis of building test models close to actual requirements were applied.Results. The advantage of the proposed calibration algorithm and calibration procedure consists in using CalSig modulated by the BPSK and OOK codes. The results obtained on a small DPAA system with four receiving channels gave the error of phase and amplitude lower than 0.3° and 0.05 dB, and the error of main beam direction lower than 0.2°. The results of testing the developed DPAA model confirmed the simplicity and high calibration accuracy of the approach under study.Conclusion. The proposed calibration algorithm and calibration procedure have the advantage over those proposed in previous research in terms of simplicity and resource efficiency. This fact determines the prospects for using the obtained results.

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An Advanced Non-Interrupted Internal Calibration Model Based on Azimuth Modulation and Waveform Diversity for SAR Systems

Liang¹,

Pang²

2023

Electronics

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Internal calibration, designed for obtaining the gain and phase errors introduced by the fluctuations of the electronic instruments, is an essential operation to guarantee the imaging performance of modern synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. However, in most of the current internal calibration schemes, the internal calibration processes interrupt the normal SAR data acquisition, which results in a loss of azimuth samples and degradation of the SAR image quality. To this end, an advanced non-interrupted internal calibration model is proposed, performing the internal calibration during nominal data acquisitions. The calibration signals and echoes are orthogonal and are received simultaneously. Then, they can be separated by postprocessing via the waveform diversity concept. Two schemes based on the proposed model are demonstrated via theoretical analysis and simulation experiments. The proposed model can achieve a considerable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduce the influence of calibration signals on echoes, which have some potential applications for future SAR missions.

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A Real-Time Internal Calibration Method for Radar Systems Using Digital Phase Array Antennas

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Improving the Structure of a Signal Used for Real-Time Calibrating of the Receiving Channels of Digital Transceiver Modules in Digital Phased Antenna Arrays

Improving the Structure of a Signal Used for Real-Time Calibrating of the Receiving Channels of Digital Transceiver Modules in Digital Phased Antenna Arrays

Synthesis of Algorithms and Procedures for Real-Time Internal Calibration of Receiving Channels in Digital Phased Antenna Arrays

An Advanced Non-Interrupted Internal Calibration Model Based on Azimuth Modulation and Waveform Diversity for SAR Systems

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