A Real Time Capable Quasi 3D System Level Model of PEM Fuel Cells

Tavčar, Gregor; Katrašnik, Tomaž

doi:10.1002/fuce.201900025

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Bering et al [18] developed the first 3-D fuel cell model. Tavčar and Katrašnik [19] presented a quasi 3-D fuel cell model that is real time capable. Le Ny et al [20] developed a 3-D stack model, which can be used to analyze electrical cell interactions.…”

Section: Scientific Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Management of PEM Fuel Cell Systems Based on the Humidity Distribution in the Anode Gas Channels

et al. 2020

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A proper water management is important for an efficient operation of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. The humidity distribution in the anode gas channels is highly dependent on the cathode humidity and the resulting transmembrane water transport. Therefore, it can be assumed that the cell humidification is optimal when the relative anode humidity is nearly 100% and homogeneously distributed. In contrast to state‐of‐the‐art approaches, this study focuses on the humidity distribution on anode side in consideration of the anode recirculation loop. Therefore, a macroscopic 1D+1D simulation model was developed, which simulates humidity profiles along the gas channels with consideration of the transmembrane water transport and the anode gas recirculation. This study shows the impact of relevant input parameters, such as pressure, stoichiometry and cathode inlet humidity. Furthermore, the results show that it is possible to reach a nearly homogeneous humidity distribution along the anode gas channels for automotive fuel cell systems. This can be achieved through appropriate operation conditions, e.g., suitable combination of pressure and stoichiometry, and supportive flow directions of the gases and the coolant. The analysis was made for fuel cells operating at full load at system relevant conditions with and without external humidification.

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Section: Scientific Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… developed the first 3‐D fuel cell model. Tavčar and Katrašnik presented a quasi 3‐D fuel cell model that is real time capable. Le Ny et al.…”

Section: Scientific Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Management of PEM Fuel Cell Systems Based on the Humidity Distribution in the Anode Gas Channels

et al. 2020

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“…The coupled fuel cell operation and degradation model, used in the presented analysis, was already extensively presented in [12], therefore we only briefly present the most important aspects, crucial for understanding the contributions of this paper. In the coupled model, the local conditions in the catalyst layer, initiating the degradation processes, namely the local electric potential, temperature and humidity, the socalled degradation stimuli, are calculated using an advanced hybrid analytical-numerical (HAN) approach [23][24][25]. In the direction perpendicular to the channel, the concentrations and velocity profiles of the gases in the feed channels and in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are calculated analytically with the solutions coupled numerically along the length of the channel [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for Evaluation of Contributions of Ostwald Ripening and Particle Agglomeration to Growth of Catalyst Particles in PEM Fuel Cells

2020

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The degradation of the catalyst layer represents one of the main limiting factors in a wider adoption of fuel cells. The identification of the contributions of different mechanisms of catalyst degradation, namely the Ostwald ripening and particle agglomeration, is an important step in the development of mitigation strategies for increasing fuel cell reliability and prolonging its life time. In this paper, the degradation phenomena in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT‐PEMFC) are analyzed using a physically‐based model of fuel cell operation and catalyst degradation, describing carbon corrosion, platinum dissolution and consequent growth of catalyst particles. The model results indicate significantly different time dependence of catalyst particle growth resulting from different mechanisms: linear growth in the case of particle agglomeration and root‐like time dependence for the Ostwald ripening. Based on these results, a new analytic method is proposed, performed by the fitting of a test root‐function to the time profile of the particle size growth and using best‐fit parameters to identify the prevailing growth mechanism. Using this method on a particle growth time trace deduced from in situ cyclic voltammetry measurement during HT‐PEMFC degradation, we are able to identify the agglomeration as the main mechanism of catalyst particle grow.

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“…Therefore, tackling such complex intertwined processes calls for the application of a mechanistically, spatially, and temporarily resolved FC operation model. In the conjoint model, the FC operation model calculates the local conditions in the catalyst layer, namely the local electric potential, temperature, humidity, and the aforementioned concentration of protons, using an advanced hybrid analytical-numerical (HAN) modeling approach [8,[29][30][31]. Its hybrid nature enables high computational efficiency by combining a one-dimensional (1D) numerical and a two-dimensional (2D) analytical solution.…”

Section: Modeling Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enrich the suite of modeling tools for the development of LT-PEMFCs, a realtime capable system-level modeling framework of PEMFC operation [8] and degradation was recently developed and presented in [9]. The framework is based on an intertwined mechanistically, spatially, and temporarily resolved FC operation and degradation model, comprising several cathode platinum degradation mechanisms, such as carbon and platinum oxidation phenomena, platinum dissolution, redeposition, detachment, and agglomeration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifiability Analysis of Degradation Model Parameters from Transient CO2 Release in Low-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell under Various AST Protocols

et al. 2021

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The detrimental effects of the catalyst degradation on the overall envisaged lifetime of low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (LT-PEMFCs) represent a significant challenge towards further lowering platinum loadings and simultaneously achieving a long cycle life. The elaborated physically based modeling of the degradation processes is thus an invaluable step in elucidating causal interaction between fuel cell design, its operating conditions, and degradation phenomena. However, many parameters need to be determined based on experimental data to ensure plausible simulation results of the catalyst degradation models, which proves to be challenging with the in situ measurements. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper demonstrates the application of a mechanistically based PEMFC modeling framework, comprising real-time capable fuel cell performance, and platinum and carbon support degradation models, to model transient CO2 release rates in the LT-PEMFCs with the consistent calibration of reaction rate parameters under multiple different accelerated stress tests at once. The results confirm the credibility of the physical and chemical modeling basis of the proposed modeling framework, as well as its prediction and extrapolation capabilities. This is confirmed by an increase of only 29% of root mean square deviations values when using a model calibrated on all three data sets at once in comparison to a model calibrated on only one data set. Furthermore, the unique identifiability and interconnection of individual model calibration parameters are determined via Fisher information matrix analysis. This analysis enables optimal reduction of the set of calibration parameters, which results in the speed up of both the calibration process and the general simulation time while retaining the full extrapolation capabilities of the framework.

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A Real Time Capable Quasi 3D System Level Model of PEM Fuel Cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Water Management of PEM Fuel Cell Systems Based on the Humidity Distribution in the Anode Gas Channels

Water Management of PEM Fuel Cell Systems Based on the Humidity Distribution in the Anode Gas Channels

Methodology for Evaluation of Contributions of Ostwald Ripening and Particle Agglomeration to Growth of Catalyst Particles in PEM Fuel Cells

Identifiability Analysis of Degradation Model Parameters from Transient CO2 Release in Low-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell under Various AST Protocols

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