A real-life study on everolimus plus exemestane therapy in a cohort of HR-positive, HER2-negative postmenopausal advanced breast cancer patients; A study of the SOutheast Netherlands Advanced BREast cancer (SONABRE) Registry

Knapen, Lotte M.; Geurts, S.M.E.; Boer, Maaike de; Croes, Sander; Ibragimova, Khava I. E.; Vriens, B.E.P.J.; Poel, Marlène H. W. van de; Berkmortel, Franchette W P J van den; Dercksen, M. Wouter; Wouw, Agnès J. van de; Pepels, M.J.A.E.; Smals, A. G. H.; Lobbezoo, D.J.A.; Tjan-Heijnen, V. C. G.

doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30564-1

Cited by 1 publication

(12 citation statements)

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“…Besides that, diabetes was positively associated with colorectal cancer mortality 33 . In 2010, a consensus report was published which stated that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including colon and rectum cancer 34 . Several observational studies also found an effect of insulin on the risk of colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mechanisms have been studied to explore the association between diabetes and cancer, such as hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and chronic inflammation 34,35 . The insulin receptor, which is expressed on most cancer cells, is capable of inducing mitogenesis, proliferation and metastasis 34,35 . It also activates multiple signalling pathways, which may stimulate proliferation, protection from apoptotic stimuli, invasion and metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also activates multiple signalling pathways, which may stimulate proliferation, protection from apoptotic stimuli, invasion and metastasis. Hyperinsulinaemia could promote carcinogenesis by increasing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which acts as a growth stimulus on cancer cells 34 . Hyperglycaemia is also associated with increased neoplastic growth, which is supported by the dependence of many cancers on glycolysis for energy and their highly effective glucose uptake mechanisms, but is contradicted by some in vivo models 34,35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperinsulinaemia could promote carcinogenesis by increasing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which acts as a growth stimulus on cancer cells 34 . Hyperglycaemia is also associated with increased neoplastic growth, which is supported by the dependence of many cancers on glycolysis for energy and their highly effective glucose uptake mechanisms, but is contradicted by some in vivo models 34,35 . In addition to the direct effects of insulin and glucose, there is evidence that T2DM itself might enhance other pathways resulting in malignant progression, for example by releasing the cytokine interleukine-6 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animal models three GLP-1-induced pathways have been proposed; proliferation in β-cells, inhibition of β-cells, and enhanced differentiation of adult stem cells in the ductal pancreatic epithelium. This could lead to chronic pancreatic damage, inflammation of pancreatic acinar and ductal cells, increased formation of dysplastic pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and an increase in pancreatic weight 2,4,5,8,[30][31][32][33][34] . GLP-1RA-dependent effects on β-cell proliferation include activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase, protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase C, the src kinase, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 6,35,36 ; however, the exact mechanism by which GLP-1RA activates the PI3 kinase signalling pathway remains unknown 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insight in disease and drug interactions, with treatment optimisation of patients with cancer

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%