A reaction potential ceiling and response decrements in complex situations.

Broen, William E.; Storms, Lowell H.

doi:10.1037/h0039043

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…First, they suggest that in order to predict the quality of performance on.a task in front of spectators one must determine both the degree to which in correct competi ng response tendencies are elicited during task performance (level of skill ) and the level of drive arousal that is produced by a particular spectator situation (cf. Broen & Storms, 1961). Secondly, the present group of studies is the first in the author's knowledge that has used a "pure" alone condition.…”

Section: Federation! Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of spectator presence on gymnastic performance in a field situation

et al. 1972

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Section: Federation! Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most previous studies have used only one or two. Since the Broen & Storms (1961) analysis suggests an inverted-U r e l a ti onship between quality of performance on a complex task and level of drive arousal, a study assessing the effect of the number of spectat.ors on the performance of such a task would be quite informative.…”

Section: Federation! Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of spectator presence on gymnastic performance in a field situation

et al. 1972

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“…However, the stability of the effects (especially the Day 1 effects) over the range of cognitive tasks employed suggests that we are dealing with something more basic or fundamental. There is evidence from other experiments on introversion/extraversion and arousal that response competition may be involved (see Broen & Storms, 1961;M. W. Eysenck, 1976).…”

Section: Processes Underlying Performance Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: A test of the arousal model.

Revelle¹,

Humphreys²,

Simon³

et al. 1980

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

400

230

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SUMMARYThe personality dimension of introversion/extraversion is one of the few personality dimensions that can be reliably identified from study to study and investĝ ator to investigator. The importance of this dimension within personality theory is due both to the stability of the trait and the influential theory of H. J. Eysenck. The basic assumption in Eysenck's theory of introversion/extraversion is that the personality differences between introverts and extraverts reflect some basic difference in the resting level of cortical arousal or activation. Assuming that there is a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U) between levels of stress and performance leads to a test of this arousal theory. That is, moderate increases in stress should hinder the performance of introverts who are presumably already highly aroused. However, the same moderate increase in stress might help the performance of the presumably underaroused extraverts.Revelle, Amaral, and Turriff .reported that the administration of moderate doses of caffeine hindered the performance of introverts and helped the performance of extraverts on a cognitive task-similar to the verbal test of the Graduate Record Examination. Assuming that caffeine increases arousal, this interaction between introversion/extraversion and drug condition supports Eysenck's theory. This interaction was explored in a series of experiments designed to replicate, extend, and test the generality of the original finding. The interaction between personality and drug condition was replicated and extended to additional cognitive performance tasks. However, these interactions were affected by time of day and stage of practice, and the subscales of introversion/extraversion, impulsivity, and sociability, were differentially affected. In the morning of the first day, low impulsives were hindered and high impulsives helped by caffeine. This pattern reversed in the evening of the first day, and it reversed again in the evening of Day 2.We concluded that the results from the first day of testing require a revision of Eysenck's theory. Instead of a stable difference in arousal between low and high impulsives, it appeared that these groups differed in the phase of their diurnal arousal rhythms. The result is that low impulsives are more aroused in the morning and less aroused in the evening than are the high impulsives.A variety of peripheral or strategic explanations (differences in caffeine consumption, guessing strategies, distraction, etc.) for the observed performance increments and decrements were proposed and tentatively rejected. It seems probable that some fundamental change in the efficiency with which information is processed is responsible for these performance changes. One of the few personality dimensions that most personality theorists agree is robust enough to identify from study to study and investigator to investigator is that of introversion/extraversion. It has been shown that this personality dimension can be identified in such varied item sets as behavioral measures ...

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“…Similar observations with .lotor tasks have been made earlier by Matarazzo ejt (1955), Boren and Storms (1961).…”

Section: Effect Of Stress On Performancesupporting

confidence: 76%

Behavior styles of children under varying conditions of stress

Patel

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A reaction potential ceiling and response decrements in complex situations.

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

The effect of spectator presence on gymnastic performance in a field situation

The effect of spectator presence on gymnastic performance in a field situation

The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: A test of the arousal model.

Behavior styles of children under varying conditions of stress

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