A Re-Examination of the Relative Turgidity Technique for Estimating Water Deficits in Leaves

Barrs, H. D.; Weatherley, PE

doi:10.1071/bi9620413

Cited by 2,746 publications

(1,416 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Stress injury The stress injury was measured using some indicators like electrolyte leakage (Premchandra et al (1990), total chlorophyll content (Arnon 1949), 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction ability (Steponkus and Lanphear 1967) and relative leaf water content (Barrs and Weatherley (1962), which have been described previously (Nayyar and Gupta 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proline induces heat tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by protecting vital enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism

Kaushal

Gupta

Bhandhari

et al. 2011

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

161

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Chickpea is a heat sensitive crop hence its potential yield is considerably reduced under high temperatures exceeding 35°C. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of proline in countering the damage caused by heat stress to growth and to enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism in chickpea. The chickpea seeds were raised without (control) and with proline (10 μM) at temperatures of 30/25°C, 35/30°C, 40/35°C and 45/40°C as day/ night (12 h/12 h) in a growth chamber. The shoot and root length at 40/35°C decreased by 46 and 37 %, respectively over control while at 45/40°C, a decrease of 63 and 47 %, respectively over control was observed. In the plants growing in the presence of 10 μM proline at 40/35°C and 45/40°C, the shoot length showed improvement of 32 and 53 %, respectively over untreated plants, while the root growth was improved by 22 and 26 %, respectively. The stress injury (as membrane damage) increased with elevation of temperatures while cellular respiration, chlorophyll content and relative leaf water content reduced as the temperature increased to 45/40°C. The endogenous proline was elevated to 46 μmol g −1 dw at 40/35°C but declined to 19 μmol g −1 dw in plants growing at 45/40°C that was associated with considerable inhibition of growth at this temperature. The oxidative damage measured as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content increased manifolds in heat stressed plants coupled with inhibition in the activities of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and levels of non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline) antioxidants. The enzymes associated with carbon fixation (RUBISCO), sucrose synthesis (sucrose phosphate synthase) and sucrose hydrolysis (invertase) were strongly inhibited at 45/40°C. The plants growing in the presence of proline accumulated proline up to 63 μmol g −1 dw and showed less injury to membranes, had improved content of chlorophyll and water, especially at 45/40°C. Additionally, the oxidative injury was significantly reduced coupled with elevated levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. A significant improvement was also noticed in the activities of enzymes of carbon metabolism in proline-treated plants. We report here that proline imparts partial heat tolerance to chickpea's growth by reducing the cellular injury and protection of some vital enzymes related to carbon and oxidative metabolism and exogenous application of proline appears to have a countering effect against elevated high temperatures on chickpea.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proline induces heat tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by protecting vital enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism

Kaushal

Gupta

Bhandhari

et al. 2011

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

161

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“…Leaf samples were oven-dried at 80°C for 24 h and weighed (Barrs and Weatherley 1962). RLWC was calculated as shown below and expressed as %:…”

Section: Pot Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native halo-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Enterococcus and Pantoea sp. improve seed yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under soil salinity by reducing sodium uptake and stress injury

Panwar

Tewari

Nayyar

2016

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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The beneficial microbial-plant interaction plays important role in the soil health, crop growth and productivity. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are such beneficial microorganisms, which in association with plant roots not only promote their growth but also help in counteracting the detrimental effects of soil stresses. Salt stress is one such stress, frequently confronted by the plants. The present study aimed at isolation and identification of PGPR inhabiting the mungbean rhizosphere, testing them for salt (NaCl) tolerance and subsequently in salt-supplemented mungbean crop. For this purpose, two salt-tolerant bacterial strains belonging to genus Pantoea and Enterococcus, characterized for their P-solubilization ability, indole acetic acid and siderophore production were selected. These two PGPR were further evaluated for their effect on the salt-stressed mungbean plants, grown at two salt concentrations (5 and 10 dS/m). The plants treated with the combination of PGPR showed better performance in growth (16-37 %) and yield (22-32 %), under salt stress, as compared with control. The increasing salt concentration was found to increase the membrane damage, Na ? concentration in the plants. PGPR treatments effectively reduced the Na ? concentration (17-41 %), membrane damage (1.1-1.5 folds) and enhanced the antioxidants i.e. ascorbic acid (8-26 %) and glutathione (10-30 %) in salt-stressed plants, in comparison to uninoculated stressed plants. Overall, the results indicated that both PGPR were effective as stress mitigators however, in combination they showed relatively better improvement in growth, yield as well as oxidative parameters of the salt-affected plants. These findings about the effects of native salt-tolerant PGPR Pantoea and Enterococcus sp. in mungbean crop are novel.

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“…The leaves were weighed (fw -fresh weight), and then soaked in freshly deionized water for 12 h in darkness at 5°C and their turgid weight (tw) was determined. The samples were then oven-dried at 80°C for 72 h and weighed (dw -dry weight) (Barrs and Weatherley 1962;Turner 1981).…”

Section: Soil Water Content (Swc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid plant rehydration initiates permanent and adverse changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of triticale

Hura

Ostrowska

et al. 2015

Plant Soil

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Background and aims The reasons for partial recovery after a soil drought are not fully understood and have not been studied so far. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of triticale cultivars with differential recovery ability after soil water deficit. Methods Activity of the photosynthetic apparatus under soil drought followed by rehydration was estimated. Plant antioxidant potential was determined based on the measurement of catalase and peroxidase activity. The levels of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical were assessed. Results Under rehydration, the not fully-recovered cultivar experienced further significant increase in the content of H 2 O 2 and inhibited activity of the photosynthetic apparatus, as compared to the drought period. On 42 nd day of the rehydration, the not fully-recovered cultivar showed also a reduced photosynthetic activity in the flag leaves, which resulted in a significant decrease in its grain yield. The first week of a rapid rehydration involved a decrease in total peroxidase and catalase activities. The increased content of H 2 O 2 was compensated only when leaf water content was gradually restored in the first week of the rehydration and no further decrease in the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus was noticed. Conclusions A destructive effect of the rapid rehydration was manifested in an intensification of the physiological processes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. An important cause of hydrogen peroxide overproduction seems to be the electron leakage due to overloading of the electron transport chain (ETC) in the PSI and PSII.

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A Re-Examination of the Relative Turgidity Technique for Estimating Water Deficits in Leaves

Cited by 2,746 publications

References 8 publications

Proline induces heat tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by protecting vital enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism

Proline induces heat tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by protecting vital enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism

Native halo-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Enterococcus and Pantoea sp. improve seed yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under soil salinity by reducing sodium uptake and stress injury

Rapid plant rehydration initiates permanent and adverse changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of triticale

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