A re-examination of the principal retinae ofPhidippus johnsoni andPlexippus validus (Araneae: Salticidae): implications for optical modelling

Blest, A. D.; McIntyre, Peter; Carter, Margrit

doi:10.1007/bf01342702

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Information on the retinal anatomy of salticids comes from TEM studies of 28 species, in 25 genera (Land, 1969;Eakin & Brandenburger, 1971;Wanless, 1980aWanless, , 1982Williams & McIntyre, 1980;Blest & Price, 1984;Blest & Sigmund, 1984Blest, 1985;Blest et al, 1988). It is the unique forward-facing anterior-median pair of eyes (principal eyes) that allow for high spatial acuity vision (Homann, 1928;Crane, 1949;Land, 1969) enabling some species to have a spatial resolution of 0.04°, whereas the highest spatial acuity known for insects of similar size is only 0.4° (Land & Nilsson, 2002; human eye: 0.007°).…”

Section: Salticid Eye Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immediately in front of the retina there is a second lens that turns the principal eye into a telescope (Williams & McIntyre, 1980). The retina is divided into four tiers and it is the rearmost layer (layer I) that takes primary responsibility for tasks requiring high spatial acuity (Land, 1969;Blest et al, 1988Blest et al, , 1990. The receptors in the central region of layer I are especially slender in transverse section and packed close together, providing the sampling mosaic needed for exceptional spatial acuity (Land & Nilsson, 2002).…”

Section: Salticid Eye Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on the retinal anatomy of salticids comes from TEM studies of 28 species, in 25 genera (Land, 1969; Eakin & Brandenburger, 1971; Wanless, 1980a, 1982; Williams & McIntyre, 1980; Blest & Price, 1984; Blest & Sigmund, 1984, 1985; Blest, 1985; Blest et al. , 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Convergent evolution of eye ultrastructure and divergent evolution of vision‐mediated predatory behaviour in jumping spiders

Meier

Jackson

et al. 2007

J of Evolutionary Biology

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All jumping spiders have unique, complex eyes with exceptional spatial acuity and some of the most elaborate vision‐guided predatory strategies ever documented for any animal of their size. However, it is only recently that phylogenetic techniques have been used to reconstruct the relationships and key evolutionary events within the Salticidae. Here, we used data for 35 species and six genes (4.8 kb) for reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships between Spartaeinae, Lyssomaninae and Salticoida. We document a remarkable case of morphological convergence of eye ultrastructure in two clades with divergent predatory behaviour. We, furthermore, find evidence for a stepwise, gradual evolution of a complex predatory strategy. Divergent predatory behaviour ranges from cursorial hunting to building prey‐catching webs and araneophagy with web invasion and aggressive mimicry. Web invasion and aggressive mimicry evolved once from an ancestral spartaeine that was already araneophagic and had no difficulty entering webs due to glue immunity. Web invasion and aggressive mimicry was lost once, in Paracyrba, which has replaced one highly specialized predation strategy with another (hunting mosquitoes). In contrast to the evolution of divergent behaviour, eyes with similarly high spatial acuity and ultrastructural design evolved convergently in the Salticoida and in Portia.

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Section: Salticid Eye Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Salticid Eye Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Convergent evolution of eye ultrastructure and divergent evolution of vision‐mediated predatory behaviour in jumping spiders

Meier

Jackson

et al. 2007

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…Jumping spiders (Salticidae) have eyes with spatial acuity that exceeds by a wide margin that known for other spiders (Land, 1969a(Land, ,b, 1985Blest, McIntyre, & Carter, 1988). Of a salticid's eight eyes, the more laterally positioned anterio-lateral (AL), postero-medial (PM), and postero-lateral (PL) eyes, called collectively the`secondary eyes', function primarily as movement detectors and have only modest acuity (Land, 1971;Duelli, 1978;Forster, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distances at which jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) distinguish between prey and conspecific rivals

1999

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Distances at which jumping spiders (Salticidae) use optical cues to distinguish between prey insects and conspeci®c rivals were investigated using adult males of 37 species. During tests, salticids walked up a ramp toward a mirror or toward an insect enclosed in a transparent petri dish. All species directed threat displays toward their own mirror images and the displays were comparable to each species' typical behaviour during male±male interactions. The salticids never displayed in tests with insects at the top of the ramp. The virtual distances at which the spiders displayed are interpreted as an indication of the distances at which each species can distinguish rivals from prey. Representative species were from the subfamilies Lyssomaninae, Spartaeinae and Salticinae. Discrimination distances relate well to the foveal layer I receptor mosaics of the anterior median eyes for the three subfamilies. Compared with the salticines, the lyssomanines and, except for Portia, the spartaeines tended to have shorter discrimination distances. Portia spp. had discrimination distances comparable to the longest recorded for the salticines. The longest discrimination distances found were for the salticine Mogrus neglectus (max. 320 mm or 42 body lengths) and for the spartaeine Portia ®mbriata (280 mm or 47 body lengths).

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Comparative ultrastructure of Layer I receptor mosaics in principal eyes of jumping spiders: the evolution of regular arrays of light guides

1990

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A re-examination of the principal retinae ofPhidippus johnsoni andPlexippus validus (Araneae: Salticidae): implications for optical modelling

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Convergent evolution of eye ultrastructure and divergent evolution of vision‐mediated predatory behaviour in jumping spiders

Convergent evolution of eye ultrastructure and divergent evolution of vision‐mediated predatory behaviour in jumping spiders

Distances at which jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) distinguish between prey and conspecific rivals

Comparative ultrastructure of Layer I receptor mosaics in principal eyes of jumping spiders: the evolution of regular arrays of light guides

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