A re-evaluation of the taxonomy of Paracoccus denitrificans and a proposal for the combination Paracoccus pantotrophus comb. nov.

Rainey, Frederick A.; Kelly, Donovan P.; Stackebrandt, Erko; Burghardt, Jutta; Hiraishi, Akira; Katayama, Yoko; Wood, Ann P.

doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-645

Cited by 162 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…Although heterotrophic nitrification has been known for decades (Verstraete, 1975) and aerobic denitrification has been repeatedly reported (Carter et al, 1995a), it was ultimately the work of Robertson & Kuenen (1 984) on Thiosphaera pantotropha GB 17 (now Paracoccus denitrificans DSM 2944; renamed as Paracoccus pantotrophus according to Rainey et al, 1999) which shed new light on these interesting and unusual conversions of nitrogen compounds (Jetten et al, 1997). The observation of nitrogen losses during a leachate treatment process (Hippen et al, 1997) prompted us to study the bacterial flora in a leachate treatment plant in Mechernich, Germany.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thauera mechernichensis sp. nov., an aerobic denitrifier from a leachate treatment plant

Scholten

Lukow

Auling

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

138

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A heterotrophic bacterial strain TLIT capable of aerobic denitrification was previously enriched in continuous culture from a landfill leachate treatment plant and isolated as a pure culture. The taxonomic position of this isolate within the B-subclass of the Proteobacteria was determined by 16s rDNA sequence analysis and by conventional taxonomy including substrate spectrum, quinone type (ubiquinone 4-8) and cellular fatty acid composition.Detection of the specific polyamine 2-hydroxyputrescine supports the membership of strain TLIT in the B-subclass of the Proteobacteria. The results of 165 rDNA sequencing showed that the strain clustered with, but was separate from, Thauera aromatica and Thauera selenatis. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated that the new isolate represents a new species of the genus, for which the name Thauera mechernichensis is proposed; the type strain is DSM 12266T.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thauera mechernichensis sp. nov., an aerobic denitrifier from a leachate treatment plant

Scholten

Lukow

Auling

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

138

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“…stutzeri), but knockouts of Nnr suggest it is the major contributor to the activation of nirS transcription in Pa. denitrificans . The transcription of nirS in Pa. pantotrophus [note that this organism was formerly designated Thiosphaera pantotropha (Rainey et al, 1999)] requires study for two important reasons. First, Pa. pantotrophus has been described as an aerobic denitrifier (Arts et al, 1995 ;Robertson et al, 1995) yet Moir et al (1995) failed to detect cytochrome cd " in aerobically grown cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional analysis of the nirS gene, encoding cytochrome cd 1 nitrite reductase, of Paracoccus pantotrophus LMD 92.63 The GenBank accession number for the sequence in this paper is U75413.

2000

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The gene for cytochrome cd 1 nitrite reductase of Paracoccus pantotrophus, a protein of known crystal structure, is nirS. This gene is shown to be flanked by genes previously recognized in other organisms to encode proteins involved in the control of its transcription (nirI) and the biosynthesis of the d 1 cofactor (nirE). Northern blot analysis has established under anaerobic conditions that a monocistronic transcript is produced from nirS, in contrast to observations with other denitrifying bacteria in which arrangement of flanking genes is different and the messages produced are polycistronic. The lack of a transcript under aerobic conditions argues against a role for cytochrome cd 1 in the previously proposed aerobic denitrification pathway in Pa. pantotrophus. A putative rho-independent transcription termination sequence immediately following nirS, and preceding nirE, can be identified. The independent transcription of nirS and nirE indicates that it should be possible to produce site-directed mutants of nirS borne on a plasmid in a nirS deletion mutant

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“…A 1386 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene was found to share 99?8 % identity of position with the type strain of Paracoccus versutus (ATCC 25364 T ). The physiological (Holt et al, 1994) and nutritional (Kelly et al, 2000) properties of the organism correspond to data on P. versutus, a species whose representatives were recognized mainly by 16S rRNA genesequence data (Rainey et al, 1999). …”

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confidence: 99%

The sulfonated osmolyte N-methyltaurine is dissimilated by Alcaligenes faecalis and by Paracoccus versutus with release of methylamine

et al. 2006

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Selective enrichments yielded bacterial cultures able to utilize the osmolyte N-methyltaurine as sole source of carbon and energy or as sole source of fixed nitrogen for aerobic growth. Strain MT1, which degraded N-methyltaurine as a sole source of carbon concomitantly with growth, was identified as a strain of Alcaligenes faecalis. Stoichiometric amounts of methylamine, whose identity was confirmed by matrix-assisted, laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and of sulfate were released during growth. Inducible N-methyltaurine dehydrogenase, sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (Xsc) and a sulfite dehydrogenase could be detected. Taurine dehydrogenase was also present and it was hypothesized that taurine dehydrogenase has a substrate range that includes N-methyltaurine. Partial sequences of a tauY-like gene (encoding the putative large component of taurine dehydrogenase) and an xsc gene were obtained by PCR with degenerate primers. Strain N-MT utilized N-methyltaurine as a sole source of fixed nitrogen for growth and could also utilize the compound as sole source of carbon. This bacterium was identified as a strain of Paracoccus versutus. This organism also expressed inducible (N-methyl)taurine dehydrogenase, Xsc and a sulfite dehydrogenase. The presence of a gene cluster with high identity to a larger cluster from Paracoccus pantotrophus NKNCYSA, which is now known to dissimilate N-methyltaurine via Xsc, allowed most of the overall pathway, including transport and excretion, to be defined. N-Methyltaurine is thus another compound whose catabolism is channelled directly through sulfoacetaldehyde. INTRODUCTIONTaurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) is widespread in the biosphere, whether as the free ampholyte or in derivatized form. Mammals usually contain about 8 mM taurine, which they cannot desulfonate (Huxtable, 1992), and which they excrete largely in urine (e.g. Stipanuk, 2004). We presume that this steady supply of taurine to the environment explains the considerable diversity of microbial taurine metabolism, which includes utilizing the compound as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen or sulfur for aerobic growth, as a source of, or as a sink for, electrons for anaerobes, or as a fermentative substrate .One of the few undisputed functions of free taurine in many animals is its role as an osmolyte (Huxtable, 1992;Yancey et al., 2002). One widespread derivative of taurine, Nmethyltaurine (Allen & Garrett, 1971), has now been recognized as an osmolyte in some deep-sea worms, where it can be present at concentrations in excess of 250 mM (Yin et al., 2000). The fate of this compound was unknown until now.The bacterial catabolism of taurine and of the structurally related compounds isethionate (2-hydroxyethanesulfonate), sulfoacetate and ethane-1,2-disulfonate converges at sulfoacetaldehyde (Cook & Denger, 2002). We were interested to see whether N-methyltaurine would be degradable, and if so, whether sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (Xsc) (EC 2.3.3.15) was involved as well (Fig. 1). Xsc catalyses...

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A re-evaluation of the taxonomy of Paracoccus denitrificans and a proposal for the combination Paracoccus pantotrophus comb. nov.

Cited by 162 publications

References 33 publications

Thauera mechernichensis sp. nov., an aerobic denitrifier from a leachate treatment plant

Thauera mechernichensis sp. nov., an aerobic denitrifier from a leachate treatment plant

Transcriptional analysis of the nirS gene, encoding cytochrome cd 1 nitrite reductase, of Paracoccus pantotrophus LMD 92.63 The GenBank accession number for the sequence in this paper is U75413.

The sulfonated osmolyte N-methyltaurine is dissimilated by Alcaligenes faecalis and by Paracoccus versutus with release of methylamine

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