A re-assessment of historical records pertaining to the activity of Mt. Baekdu (Paektu, Tianchi) volcano

Abstract

This study re-assesses the historical records pertaining to the activity of Mt. Baekdu according to volcanic phenomena. We categorized volcanic phenomena into five categories: rumbling, atmospheric abnormality, ash rain, ash cloud and phenomenon sightings, and investigated historical records (in Chinese) for each phenomenon and identified their volcanological implications. Among the volcanic phenomena, ash rain had the most abundant records, and in particular, Goryeosa recorded the ash rain phenomenon 56 times. And more than 90 volcanic eruptions were discovered from the Millennium Eruption from November 3, 946 AD, to February 7, 947 AD, most of which were either Plinian or Vulcanian eruptions with volcanic ash dispersed into the regions surrounding the volcano creating fallout ash. Based on the historical eruptions, eruption precursors, and volcanic unrest of the volcano between 2002 and 2006, Mt. Baekdu is regarded as an active volcano that has the potential to erupt. Therefore, to mitigate the hazard caused by the eruption of Mt. Baekdu, it is necessary to analyze the historical eruption records of Mt. Baekdu and understand the characteristics of the eruptions through this analysis.

Revisiting the Tianwen Yellow Pumice (TYP) Eruption of Changbaishan Volcano: Tephra Correlation, Eruption Timing and Its Climatostratigraphical Context

“…(2017) and Yun et al. (2023) also shows that there might be several small‐scale activities post‐dating the ME, which require further verification. From a distal viewpoint, our discovery of the Changbaishan 13PT‐P4_411 tephra discloses a previously unknown eruptive episode of the volcano, which in turn helps clarify the proximal tephrostratigraphy (Figure 4d).…”