A ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging the fluctuation of HOBr during endoplasmic reticulum stress

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely associated with cell apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, metabolism, and migration. When ER stress occurs, a large number of reactive oxygen species, including hypobromous...

A ratiometric fluorescent probe revealing the abnormality of acetylated tau by visualizing polarity in Alzheimer's disease

“…10–17 Particularly, ratiometric fluorescent probes can provide more accurate pathological information compared with turn-on/off fluorescent probes because it is not disturbed by probe concentration, photobleaching, autofluorescence and nonspecific background. 18–20 However, previously reported ratiometric or turn-on/off probes applied to AD were mainly for Aβ plaques, 17,21,22 reactive oxygen species (ROS), 23–26 reactive sulfur species (RSS), 27,28 reactive nitrogen species (RNS) 29–31 Reactive carbonyl species (RCS), 32,33 metal ions 34–36 and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 37 while few fluorescent probes were developed for polarity in AD-microenvironment. 38–40 Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a ratiometric probe for monitoring polarity changes during AD.…”