A rat model for cerebral air microembolisation

Gerriets, Tibo; Walberer, Maureen; Nedelmann, Max; Doenges, Simone; Ritschel, Nouha; Bachmann, Georg; Stolz, Erwin; Kaps, Manfred; Urbanek, Simon; Urbánek, Petr; Schoenburg, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.04.016

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Jungwirth et al (2007) revealed a dose-dependent relationship between CAM and survival, neurological outcome, and histological outcome [24]. The present study compares two different bubble sizes yielding the same total injection volume of 86 nl, which -according to findings from preliminary experiments- seems to represent a vulnerable threshold for the reproducible provocation of cerebral infarction in a rat brain [15]. Technically, the custom-made device we used is able to produce bubbles with a diameter of 40-250 μm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…To investigate the impact of bubble size, we used our recently established rat model for air microembolism allowing the application of gaseous bubbles under preserved physiological cerebral blood flow [15]. In the past, investigations on CAM revealed a dose-dependent toxicity of air volume and functional parameters: Gerriets et al (2010) used a bubble diameter of 160 μm with an increasing number of bubbles, showing worse clinical outcomes at higher gas emboli counts [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, investigations on CAM revealed a dose-dependent toxicity of air volume and functional parameters: Gerriets et al (2010) used a bubble diameter of 160 μm with an increasing number of bubbles, showing worse clinical outcomes at higher gas emboli counts [15]. Jungwirth et al (2007) revealed a dose-dependent relationship between CAM and survival, neurological outcome, and histological outcome [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the production and application of air microbubbles, we used a custom-made device, as previously established by our group [15]: the device consists of a customized glass capillary with a diameter of 15-40 μm, positioned in a larger glass tube with a diameter of 450 μm (Rincaps, Hirschmann Laborgeraete GmbH) and a slight taper on one side (Figure 1). The space between these two tubes was jetted with saline at a constant flow of 20 ml/h driven by an infusion pump (MC Medizintechnik GmbH, Alzenau).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the hypothesis that bubble size has an impact on the neurological outcome and the occurrence of cerebral ischemia following CAM, we aimed to prove feasibility and reliability of production as well as application of gaseous bubbles with different defined bubble diameters by means of a recently developed custom-made bubble generator [15]. Furthermore, we evaluated embolization effects with regard to the functional neurological outcome, frequency and volume of cerebral ischemia in relation to bubble diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of bubble size in a rat model of cerebral air microembolization

Juenemann

Yeniguen

Schleicher

et al. 2013

J Cardiothorac Surg

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BackgroundCerebral air microembolization (CAM) is a frequent side effect of diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Besides reduction of the amount of bubbles, filter systems in the clinical setting may also lead to a dispersion of large gas bubbles and therefore to an increase of the gas–liquid-endothelium interface. We evaluated the production and application of different strictly defined bubble diameters in a rat model of CAM and assessed functional outcome and infarct volumes in relation to the bubble diameter.MethodsGas emboli of defined number and diameter were injected into the carotid artery of rats. Group I (n = 7) received 1800 air bubbles with a diameter of 45 μm, group II (n = 7) 40 bubbles of 160 μm, controls (n = 6) saline without gas bubbles; group I and II yielded the same total injection volume of air with 86 nl. Functional outcome was assessed at baseline, after 4 h and 24 h following cerebral MR imaging and infarct size calculation.ResultsComputer-aided evaluation of bubble diameters showed high constancy (group I: 45.83 μm ± 2.79; group II: 159 μm ± 1.26). Animals in group I and II suffered cerebral ischemia and clinical deterioration without significant difference. Infarct sizes did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.931 u-test).ConclusionsWe present further development of a new method, which allows reliable and controlled CAM with different bubble diameters, producing neurological deficits due to unilateral cerebral damage. Our findings could not display a strong dependency of stroke frequency and severity on bubble diameter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of bubble size in a rat model of cerebral air microembolization

Juenemann

Yeniguen

Schleicher

et al. 2013

J Cardiothorac Surg

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Iatrogenic Air Embolisms During Endovascular Interventions: Impact of Origin and Number of Air Bubbles on Cerebral Infarctions

Schaefer,

Greive,

Mencl

et al. 2023

Clin Neuroradiol

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Purpose Cerebral infarctions caused by air embolisms (AE) are a feared risk in endovascular procedures; however, the relevance and pathophysiology of these AEs is still largely unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the origin (aorta, carotid artery or right atrium) and number of air bubbles on cerebral infarctions in an experimental in vivo model. Methods In 20 rats 1200 or 2000 highly calibrated micro air bubbles (MAB) with a size of 85 µm were injected at the aortic valve (group Ao), into the common carotid artery (group CA) or into the right atrium (group RA) using a microcatheter via a transfemoral access, resembling endovascular interventions in humans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 9.4T system was performed 1 h after MAB injection followed by finalization. Results The number (5.5 vs. 5.5 median) and embolic patterns of infarctions did not significantly differ between groups Ao and CA. The number of infarctions were significantly higher comparing 2000 and 1200 injected MABs (6 vs. 4.5; p < 0.001). The infarctions were significantly larger for group CA (median infarction volume: 0.41 mm3 vs. 0.19 mm3; p < 0.001). In group RA and in the control group no infarctions were detected. Histopathological analyses showed early signs of ischemic stroke. Conclusion Iatrogenic AEs originating at the ascending aorta cause a similar number and pattern of cerebral infarctions compared to those with origin at the carotid artery. These findings underline the relevance and potential risk of AE occurring during endovascular interventions at the aortic valve and ascending aorta.

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Vascular air embolism: A silent hazard to patient safety

Brull

Prielipp

2017

Journal of Critical Care

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A rat model for cerebral air microembolisation

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Impact of bubble size in a rat model of cerebral air microembolization

Impact of bubble size in a rat model of cerebral air microembolization

Iatrogenic Air Embolisms During Endovascular Interventions: Impact of Origin and Number of Air Bubbles on Cerebral Infarctions

Vascular air embolism: A silent hazard to patient safety

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