A Rare HBV Subgenotype D4 with Unique Genomic Signatures Identified in North-Eastern India –An Emerging Clinical Challenge?

Banerjee, Priyanka; Mondal, Rajiv Kumar; Nandi, Madhumita; Ghosh, Sumantra; Khatun, Mousumi; Chakraborty, Nabendu; Bhattacharya, S.K.; RoyChoudhury, Arindam; Banerjee, Soma; Santra, Amal; Sil, Samir Kumar; Chowdhury, Abhijit; Bhaumik, Pradip K.; Datta, Simanti

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109425

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Brazilian HBV/D4 formed a distinct clade, with few sequences from East Africa, Cape Verde and from the region of Tripura, India. As Brazil, India also faced successive waves of colonization, and multiple episodes of human migration [48]. It is possible that, due to the geographical proximity of Tripura with the Portuguese colony of Hughli in India, HBV/D4 isolates would have been introduced in Brazil from Asia or East Africa by the Transatlantic trade, as stated for the Asian-American clade of subgenotype A1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of the Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotypes in Brazil

Lago

Espírito-Santo

Costa

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotypes may be related to clinical outcomes and response to antiviral therapy. Most Brazilian studies on HBV subgenotypes are restricted to some regions and to specific population groups. Here, we provide an insight about genetic diversity of HBV subgenotypes in 321 serum samples from all five geographical regions, providing a representative overview of their circulation among chronic carriers. Overall, HBV/A1 was the most prevalent subgenotype, being found as the major one in all regions except in South Brazil. Among HBV/D samples, subgenotype D3 was the most prevalent, found in 51.5%, followed by D2 (27.3%) and D4 (21.2%). D2 and D3 were the most prevalent subgenotypes in South region, with high similarity with European strains. D4 was found in North and Northeast region and clustered with strains from Cape Verde and India. For HBV/F, the most frequent subgenotype was F2 (84.1%), followed by F4 (10.1%) and F1 (5.8%), closely related with strains from Venezuela, Argentina and Chile, respectively. Phylogeographic analyses were performed using an HBV full-length genome obtained from samples infected with genotypes rarely found in Brazil (B, C, and E). According to Bayesian inference, HBV/B2 and HBV/C2 were probably introduced in Brazil through China, and HBV/E from Guinea, all of them mostly linked to recent events of human migration. In conclusion, this study provided a comprehensive overview of the current circulation of HBV subgenotypes in Brazil. Our findings might contribute to a better understand of the dynamics of viral variants, to establish a permanent molecular surveillance on the introduction and dispersion patterns of new strains and, thus, to support public policies to control HBV dissemination in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of the Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotypes in Brazil

Lago

Espírito-Santo

Costa

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…However, the analysis did not establish when D7 diverged from D5 and where it occurred. Interestingly, a recent study reported that D7 formed a significant phylogenetic group with D4, a rare subgenotype that has been found in African countries such as Rwanda, Kenya, Ghana, and Morocco [Banerjee et al, ]. On this basis, an hypothesis that should be explored using a wider sequence dataset, speculates that a common ancestor of D4 and D7 diverged from D5 in India, reached Africa and Maghreb area where D4 and D7 diverged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of HBV‐D7 subgenotype in Tunisia

Ciccozzi

Chaouch

Presti

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main cause of diseases liver related infecting more than 200 milion persons worldwide. HBV infection shows high level of prevalence in South-East Europe and in Mediterranean basin. In Tunisia, a country with an intermediate level endemicity, HbsAg prevalence ranges from 2 to 5%. Most of the HBV isolates from Tunisia were classified as subgenotype D7 whose circulation is restricted to a specific area of North Africa including Maghreb region. In this paper, the phylogeny of HBV-D7 isolated from 38 Tunisian patients was investigated by analyzing the S gene region of HBV. A Bayesian coalescent-based framework was used to estimate the origin of the HBV-D7 in the country. The Tunisian D7 isolates were found to share a common ancestor whose origin was traced back to 1958. Population dynamics indicated that HBV-D7 epidemic in Tunisia grew exponentially from 1960s to 1990s. After that, the curve reached a plateau around the years 2000 likely due to the implementation of the infant vaccination program in 1996. Epidemiological data suggested that the exponential growth phase was likely sustained by intra-familial transmission events occurring during infancy. Further characterization of HBV-D7 isolates should be performed to evaluate, in the post-vaccination era, the emergence of new transmission routes, and to monitor the efficacy of the vaccination program. J. Med. Virol. 89:469-475, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Of the ten D-subgenotypes so far identified, D1–D7 and D10 are non-recombinant types while D8 and D9 are D/E and D/C recombinants respectively 3 , 5 . Six out of the ten D-subgenotypes, namely D1–D5 and D9 had been reported from different parts of India 3 , 13 , 14 . In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the virological features and cytopathic effects of four non-recombinant D-subgenotypes, D1, D2, D3 and D5, prevalent in Eastern India to gain an insight into their potential contribution to disease progression, which in turn will help in the design of appropriate surveillance and therapeutic strategies for the management of HBV/D-infected patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctiveness in virological features and pathogenic potentials of subgenotypes D1, D2, D3 and D5 of Hepatitis B virus

Khatun

Mondal

Pal

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Distinct clinical features of HBV infection have been associated with different viral genotype/subgenotype. HBV Genotype-D comprised of 10 subgenotypes, D1–D10, whose clinical implications still remain elusive. We investigated for the first-time, the virologic characteristics and cytopathic effects of four non-recombinant D-subgenotypes, D1/D2/D3/D5. Expressions of viral/host genes were evaluated in Huh7 cells transfected with full-length, linear-monomers of HBV/D-subgenotypes or pGL3-Basic vector carrying subgenotype-specific HBx. Intracellular HBV-DNA and pregenomic-RNA levels were high in D1/D2 than D3/D5. Expressions of PreC-mRNA and HBx were highest for D2 and D1 respectively, whereas PreS2/S-transcript was significantly reduced in D5. Increased apoptotic cell death and marked upregulation in caspase-3/Bax/TNF-R1/FasR/TRAIL-R1/ROS/MCP-1/IP-10/MIP-1β expression were noticed specifically in D2- and also in D3-transfected cells, while D5 resulted in over-expression of ER-stress-markers. D-subgenotype-transfected Huh7 cells were co-cultured with PBMC of healthy-donors or LX-2 cells and significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in PBMC and fibrogenic-markers in LX-2 were noticed in presence of D2/D3. Further, Huh7 cells transfected with D1, in particular and also D5, displayed remarkable induction of EMT-markers and high proliferative/migratory abilities. Collectively, our results demonstrated that D2/D3 were more associated with hepatic apoptosis/inflammation/fibrosis and D1/D5 with increased risk of hepatocarcinogenesis and emphasize the need for determining HBV-subgenotype in clinical practice.

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A Rare HBV Subgenotype D4 with Unique Genomic Signatures Identified in North-Eastern India –An Emerging Clinical Challenge?

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Genetic Diversity of the Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotypes in Brazil

Genetic Diversity of the Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotypes in Brazil

Evolutionary dynamics of HBV‐D7 subgenotype in Tunisia

Distinctiveness in virological features and pathogenic potentials of subgenotypes D1, D2, D3 and D5 of Hepatitis B virus

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