A Rare Case of Microblading Complicated by Orbital Exenteration and Frontal Defect Reconstructed Using Crane Principle

Abstract

Summary: This is a case of a rare complication of microblading in a middle-aged woman in a developing country, resulting in a right orbital exenteration and a forehead defect associated with bone exposure reconstructed using the crane principle. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first one to report such an entity. We are aiming to highlight the importance of proper hygiene in such cosmetic procedures and to shed light on the crane principle as a suitable reconstructive choice, especially in circumstances where other reconstructive options are not available, or in specific situations like mass causalities when shorter operation time is required.

A rapid review of physical health risks associated with special procedures (tattooing, body piercing, acupuncture, electrolysis)

“…Seven case reports achieved the highest rating of eight out of eight on the relevant critical appraisal checklist (Akoh et al 2021, Gilhooley et al 2020, Goldberg et al 2018, Hinojosa et al 2017, Leight-Dunn et al 2022, Mirzaei et al 2017, Soltany et al 2023, Sun & Lao 2023).…”

“…The non-microbiological adverse reactions that have been described in the context of semi-permanent make-up included 25 cases (across 19 case reports) of sarcoidosis-related reactions (Bashinskaya et al 2022, Bombonato et al 2015, Ebrahimiadib et al 2021, Gilhooley et al 2020, Hirai et al 2022, Huisman et al 2019, Ibraheim et al 2023, Iwayama et al 2017, Mirzaei et al 2017, Naeini et al 2017, Nie et al 2022, Tukenmez Demirci et al 2016, Valbuena et al 2017, Vera et al 2018, Tittelbach et al 2018); 17 cases of granulomatous reactions, including papules (Bashinskaya et al 2022, Ebrahimiadib et al 2021, Hinojosa et al 2017, Hirai et al 2022, Huisman et al 2019, Ibraheim et al 2023, Iwayama et al 2017, Leight-Dunn et al 2022, Maier et al 2015, Naeini et al 2017, Nie et al 2022, Suleman et al 2023, Sun & Lao 2023, Tittelbach et al 2018, Tukenmez Demirci et al 2016, Valbuena et al 2017); three cases of allergic reactions (Lahouel et al 2022, Ibraheim et al 2023, Motoki et al 2020), 19 cases of skin-related adverse reactions (Abtahi-Naeini et al 2019, Akoh et al 2021, Bashinskaya et al 2022, Ebrahimiadib et al 2021, Gilhooley et al 2020, Hinojosa et al 2017, Goldberg et al 2018, Hirai et al 2022, Maier et al 2015, Mirzaei et al 2017, Naeini et al 2017, Marcelino et al 2021, Navarro-Triviño et al 2021, Nie et al 2022, Sano et al 2021, Suleman et al 2023, Tierney & Kavanagh 2021, Tittelbach et al 2018, Vera et al 2018) and five cases of eye-related adverse reactions and other adverse reactions (Sano et al 2021, Goldberg et al 2018, Hinojosa et al 2017, Soltany et al 2023, Navarro-Triviño et al 2021).…”

“…Across the 37 cases presented in 31 case reports, the clinical presentations commonly reported after following the application of semi-permanent make-up are reported in Table 1 and include erythema or redness (Akoh et al 2021, Bashinskaya et al 2022, Gilhooley et al 2020, Goldberg et al 2018, Maier et al 2015, Mirzaei et al 2017, Naeini et al 2017, Sano et al 2021, Suleman et al 2023, Tittelbach et al 2018, Vera et al 2018); oedema or swelling (Akoh et al 2021, Gilhooley et al 2020, Lahouel et al 2022, Sano et al 2021, Soltany et al 2023), pain (Motoki et al 2020) and pruritus (Abtahi-Naeini et al 2019, Ibraheim et al 2023, Lahouel et al 2022, Motoki et al 2020, Tittelbach et al 2018, Valbuena et al 2017, Vera et al 2018).…”

“…Five case reports (Akoh et al 2021, Castaño-Fernández & Grau-Pérez 2023, Marcelino et al 2021, Sano et al 2021, Soltany et al 2023) reported microbiological complications in the context of semi-permanent make-up, which included both viral and bacterial infections. The viral infections reported were monkeypox (mpox) (Castaño-Fernández & Grau-Pérez 2023) and Molluscum contagiosum (Marcelino et al 2021) and the bacterial infections reported were orbital cellulitis (Soltany et al 2023), three cases of periorbital cellulitis (Akoh et al 2021, Soltany et al 2023, Sano et al 2021) and necrotising fasciitis (Soltany et al 2023).…”

“…Additionally, there were eye-related adverse reactions described which included bilateral eye swelling, redness, and pain (Sano et al 2021), conjunctival injection (Goldberg et al 2018, Hinojosa et al 2017), irritation (Goldberg et al 2018), right eye proptosis and painful eye movement (Soltany et al 2023) uveitis (Navarro-Triviño et al 2021) and pigmented stain on the eye (Goldberg et al 2018).…”