A rare case of accessory mitral valve tissue causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction associated with parachute mitral valve, ventricular septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, unruptured aneurysm of aortic sinus: a case report

Abstract

Background Accessory mitral valve tissue rarely causes left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in adults. It is often associated with other cardiac and vascular congenital malformations. Here, we report the rarest presentation of accessory mitral valve tissue (AMVT) causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Case summary A 22-year-old female patient presented with a history of shortness of breath and chest pain for more than 5 years. A diagnosis of AMVT with parachute mitral valve, ventricular septal defect (VSD), bicuspid aortic valve, unruptured aneurysm of aortic sinus, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was made. Successful closure of VSD with mitral valve replacement, excision of AMVT, and repair of the aortic sinus were performed. The post-operative course was uneventful, and an echocardiogram showed complete resection of the accessory mitral valve, no residual shunt and no left ventricular outflow gradient. Additionally, the peak gradient of rapid filling phase and atrial systolic phase across the prosthetic mitral valve were 16 mmHg and 4 mmHg, respectively. The peak velocity across left ventricular outflow tract was 1.4 m/s. Discussion Accessory mitral valve tissue is associated with other cardiac abnormalities and is usually diagnosed in the first or second decade of life. It is responsible for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The obstruction can occur in the early period of life due to continued deposition of fibrous tissues within left ventricular outflow tract. Accessory mitral valve tissue should be considered a rare but important cause of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

“Double-Parachute” Mitral Valve

“…AMVT is a rare condition, with an incidence of 1/26,000 persons according to Prifti et al. ( 5 ), and none of the reported cases were similar to the present case ( 6 , 7 ).…”

Accessory mitral valve tissue: An overview of clinical and practical implications

“…First, AMVT might accompany other congenital anomalies, including ventricular septal defect (VSD), mitral supravalvular ring and subaortic membrane (2,4). Therefore, we wonder whether the patient (1) had any signs of spontaneous VSD closure [thinning of the perimembranous interventricular septum (IVS), aortic regurgitation (AR)], or additional membranous or ring-like structures on echocardiogram or surgical exploration.…”

“…Alternative surgical techniques might allow mitral valve repair in similar clinical scenarios. In this context, we also wonder about the degree of mitral valvular degeneration and signs of other co-existing AMVT types (potentially associated with organic MR) on surgical exploration along with histopathological examination of the excised material (this mostly exhibits non-specific findings, including varying degrees of normal and degenerated valvular tissue with infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucous degeneration) (2,4).…”

Urine-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Disease

“…A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a common type of congenital cardiac malformation. Volume overload that resulted from large volume VSDs may lead to heart failure (HF) [54]. e etiology of VSDassociated heart failure (HF) is complex, with increasing evidence emphasizing a genetic basis.…”