A Rare Adverse Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Autoimmune Encephalitis

Huang, Ying‐Fong; Ho, Tzu-Chuan; Chang, Chia‐Ming; Shen, Daniel Hueng-Yuan; Chan, Hung-Pin; Chuang, Kui-Hao; Tyan, Yu‐Chang; Yang, Ming Hui

doi:10.3390/vaccines10071114

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Although the exact etiology of vaccine-induced encephalitis is still not fully understood, it could be attributed to different potential mechanisms of vaccine-induced autoimmune diseases. COVID-19 vaccine was shown to trigger proinflammatory cytokine expression and the response of T-cells as in other vaccines [ 31 ]. This is important because these cytokines may reach the brain and activate microglial cells resulting in neuroinflammation [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of encephalitis after vaccination with the AstraZeneca and Pfizer-Biontech mRNA vaccines was estimated to be 8 per 10 million and 2 per 10 million vaccination doses, respectively, which denotes an extremely rare incidence of adverse event occurrence in comparison to other well-established vaccines such as hepatitis vaccines [ 24 ]. A previous systematic review addressing 11 patients with autoimmune encephalitis also corresponds with a greater majority of AstraZeneca and Pfizer predominant case reporting (8/15) [ 31 ]. Consistent with our findings, in which AstraZeneca and Pfizer comprised almost two-thirds of available cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Encephalitis following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Background: Since the advent of global COVID-19 vaccination, several studies reported cases of encephalitis with its various subtypes following COVID-19 vaccinations. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to investigate and characterize the clinical settings of these reported cases to aid in physician awareness and proper care provision. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and manually searched Google Scholar. Studies published until October 2022 were included. Demographic data, clinical features, vaccine data, treatment lines, and outcomes were extracted. Results: A total of 65 patients from 52 studies were included. The mean age of patients was 46.82 ± 19.25 years, 36 cases (55.4%) were males. AstraZeneca was the most-reported vaccine associated with encephalitis (38.5%) followed by Pfizer (33.8%), Moderna (16.9%), and others. Moat encephalitis cases occurred after the first dose of vaccination in 41/65 (66.1%). The mean time between vaccination and symptom onset was 9.97 ± 7.16 days. Corticosteroids (86.2 %) and immunosuppressants (81.5 %) were the most used lines of treatment. The majority of affected individuals experienced a full recovery. Conclusion: Our study summarizes the current evidence of reported post-vaccination encephalitis, regarding clinical presentation, symptoms onset, management, outcomes, and comorbid conditions; however, it fails to either acknowledge the incidence of occurrence or establish a causal relationship between various COVID-19 vaccines and encephalitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitis following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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“…It demonstrates that ADEM should be considered in patients developing neurological symptoms after COVID‐19 vaccination, although this is rare 12 . Also, transient amnesia as a result of autoimmune encephalitis after COVID‐19 vaccination has been reported as a less frequent neurological complication 20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“… 12 Also, transient amnesia as a result of autoimmune encephalitis after COVID‐19 vaccination has been reported as a less frequent neurological complication. 20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐COVID‐19 vaccine acute encephalitis in an adult patient: A case report and literature review

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Malekmakan

Najafi

et al. 2023

Clinical Case Reports

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“…A 72-year-old woman with rheumatoid vasculitis was diagnosed with acute meningoencephalitis after receiving the first dose of the BNT162b mRNA vaccine [ 205 ]. Moreover, acute encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in a 55-year-old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and sleep apnea, after receiving the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine [ 206 ]. A case of autoimmune limbic encephalitis triggered by the second dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine was detected in a previously healthy 35-year-old female [ 207 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccines and Premature Psychiatric And Mental Disor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can COVID-19 Vaccines Induce Premature Non-Communicable Diseases: Where Are We Heading to?

et al. 2023

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According to the WHO, as of January 2023, more than 850 million cases and over 6.6 million deaths from COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Currently, the death rate has been reduced due to the decreased pathogenicity of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, but the major factor in the reduced death rates is the administration of more than 12.8 billion vaccine doses globally. While the COVID-19 vaccines are saving lives, serious side effects have been reported after vaccinations for several premature non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the reported adverse events are low in number. The scientific community must investigate the entire spectrum of COVID-19-vaccine-induced complications so that necessary safety measures can be taken, and current vaccines can be re-engineered to avoid or minimize their side effects. We describe in depth severe adverse events for premature metabolic, mental, and neurological disorders; cardiovascular, renal, and autoimmune diseases, and reproductive health issues detected after COVID-19 vaccinations and whether these are causal or incidental. In any case, it has become clear that the benefits of vaccinations outweigh the risks by a large margin. However, pre-existing conditions in vaccinated individuals need to be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of adverse events.

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A Rare Adverse Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Autoimmune Encephalitis

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Encephalitis following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

Encephalitis following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

Post‐COVID‐19 vaccine acute encephalitis in an adult patient: A case report and literature review

Can COVID-19 Vaccines Induce Premature Non-Communicable Diseases: Where Are We Heading to?

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