A rapid water toxicity screening test based on oxygen uptake of <i>pseudomonas putida</i>

Slabbert, J. L.; Grabow, W. O. K.

doi:10.1002/tox.2540010103

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…This situation was an indication on the toxic effect of heavy metals resulting in the slow growth of test isolates in the industrial wastewater samples. This is in agreement with Slabbert and Grabow’s finding [44], who reported that the oxygen uptake of Pseudomonas putida was stimulated when inoculated in diluted industrial effluent but was inhibited in highly polluted industrial wastewater.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A study conducted by Cabrera et al [43] reported that at high concentrations, metals could slow microbial population growth. Moreover, the toxicity of these heavy metals on aerobic microorganisms can also affect the consumption of dissolved oxygen [44]. Shuttleworth and Unz [45], when investigating the effects of several heavy metals on the growth of axenic filamentous bacteria ( Thiothrix , type 021N and type 1701), found that these organisms could grow in the presence of single toxic metals (Ca, Cu, Ni and Zn); but when mixed together, the latter appeared to act synergistically in suppressing the development of Thiothrix strain A1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the resistance and bioremediation ability of selected bacterial and protozoan species to heavy metals in metal-rich industrial wastewater

Kamika

Momba

2013

BMC Microbiol

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BackgroundHeavy-metals exert considerable stress on the environment worldwide. This study assessed the resistance to and bioremediation of heavy-metals by selected protozoan and bacterial species in highly polluted industrial-wastewater. Specific variables (i.e. chemical oxygen demand, pH, dissolved oxygen) and the growth/die-off-rates of test organisms were measured using standard methods. Heavy-metal removals were determined in biomass and supernatant by the Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. A parallel experiment was performed with dead microbial cells to assess the biosorption ability of test isolates.ResultsThe results revealed that the industrial-wastewater samples were highly polluted with heavy-metal concentrations exceeding by far the maximum limits (in mg/l) of 0.05-Co, 0.2-Ni, 0.1-Mn, 0.1-V, 0.01-Pb, 0.01-Cu, 0.1-Zn and 0.005-Cd, prescribed by the UN-FAO. Industrial-wastewater had no major effects on Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis and Peranema sp. (growth rates up to 1.81, 1.45 and 1.43 d-1, respectively) compared to other test isolates. This was also revealed with significant COD increases (p < 0.05) in culture media inoculated with living bacterial isolates (over 100%) compared to protozoan isolates (up to 24% increase). Living Pseudomonas putida demonstrated the highest removal rates of heavy metals (Co-71%, Ni-51%, Mn-45%, V-83%, Pb-96%, Ti-100% and Cu-49%) followed by Bacillus licheniformis (Al-23% and Zn-53%) and Peranema sp. (Cd-42%). None of the dead cells were able to remove more than 25% of the heavy metals. Bacterial isolates contained the genes copC, chrB, cnrA3 and nccA encoding the resistance to Cu, Cr, Co-Ni and Cd-Ni-Co, respectively. Protozoan isolates contained only the genes encoding Cu and Cr resistance (copC and chrB genes). Peranema sp. was the only protozoan isolate which had an additional resistant gene cnrA3 encoding Co-Ni resistance.ConclusionSignificant differences (p < 0.05) observed between dead and living microbial cells for metal-removal and the presence of certain metal-resistant genes indicated that the selected microbial isolates used both passive (biosorptive) and active (bioaccumulation) mechanisms to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater. This study advocates the use of Peranema sp. as a potential candidate for the bioremediation of heavy-metals in wastewater treatment, in addition to Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus licheniformis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the resistance and bioremediation ability of selected bacterial and protozoan species to heavy metals in metal-rich industrial wastewater

Kamika

Momba

2013

BMC Microbiol

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“…Here cell growth has been measured by oxygen consumption of the bacteria. Slabbert & Grabow (2006) found that the P. putida growth inhibition test is more sensitive than the oxygen uptake assay. In recent years there have been attempts to develop ready-to-use test kits with lyophylized bacteria (Mallau et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological Characterization of Waste

H¹,

Römbke²

2009

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“…A rapid screening assay for toxicity testing has been developed using the aquatic bacterium Pseudomonas putida (Slabbert & Grabow, 1986). A rapid screening assay for toxicity testing has been developed using the aquatic bacterium Pseudomonas putida (Slabbert & Grabow, 1986).…”

Section: ( C ) Direct Measurement Of Dissolved Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatability, Toxicity and Biodegradability Test Methods

Kilroy

Gray

1995

Biological Reviews

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1. This review confirms that treatability and biodegradability test methods have been cited extensively in the literature. It is clear that the method selected depends on the specific objectives of the test, i.e. the determination of whether a substance is toxic, biodegradable or treatable. Factors that have to be considered when selecting the test methods are the cost of performing the test, the time and resources involved, and the accuracy required. It often appears that more extensive simulation studies are required after initial screening tests have been performed. 2. Many of the enzyme and bacterial growth tests which have been developed for monitoring or screening of toxicants and their persistence in water and wastewaters have been reviewed. Most of these tests are rapid, inexpensive, and reproducible. Most of the biochemical and microcalorimetric approaches, although promising, are still in their infancy as regards toxicity testing. Therefore, biological testing still appears to be most suitable for routine assessment. 3. Micro-organisms are particularly suitable for use in toxicity testing of chemicals as they are inexpensive to culture, have rapid growth rates, and usually provide reproducible results (Vaishnav & Korthals, 1990). Many bioassays have been developed to evaluate the toxicity and treatability of municipal and industrial effluents. Numerous single species tests have been recommended by several authors (Dutka et al., 1983; Beaubien et al. 1986). Such approaches are mainly based on the belief that, by selecting the most sensitive species and by using appropriate factors to allow for variability not included in the test, the highest levels of biological organization will be adequately protected. Single species tests are now quite well established, and when properly used, are easy to analyse and quantify. However, it has been pointed out (Levin, 1984) that the results obtained from single species tests cannot easily be applied to natural field conditions because the test organisms are extensively laboratory acclimated; also the test conditions provide for optimized growth and survival, a situation unlikely to be found in the field. Moreover, a fundamental problem with this approach is that it assumes that the ecosystem is a collection of single species exposed to toxicants under constant conditions (Cairns, 1982). Multi-species toxicity tests, that is the use of mixed cultures or communities of micro-organisms for a testing protocol, are found to be generally much less sensitive than single species tests (Dutka & Kwan, 1984).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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A rapid water toxicity screening test based on oxygen uptake of pseudomonas putida

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Assessing the resistance and bioremediation ability of selected bacterial and protozoan species to heavy metals in metal-rich industrial wastewater

Assessing the resistance and bioremediation ability of selected bacterial and protozoan species to heavy metals in metal-rich industrial wastewater

Ecotoxicological Characterization of Waste

Treatability, Toxicity and Biodegradability Test Methods

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