A Rapid, Simultaneous Determination of Paraquat and Diquat in Serum and Urine Using Second-Derivative Spectroscopy

Fuke, Chiaki; Ameno, Kiyoshi; Ameno, Setsuko; Kiriu, Takahiro; Shinohara, T; Sogo, Kazuhiko; Ijiri, Iwao

doi:10.1093/jat/16.4.214

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Their LOQs were 50 ng/mL with S/N 2/1 for both PQ and DQ with the same injection mode. As regards the sensitivities of derivated spectrophotometric methods (O'Haver, 1979;Fell et al, 1981;Jarvie et al, 1981;Fuke et al, 1992) and liquid chromatographic methods (Miller et al, 1979;Gill et al, 1983;Nakagiri et al, 1989;Ito, 1993), they varied from 50 to 500 ng/mL and required an injected sample volume a thousand-fold greater than that in CE. The coefficients of variation for the intra-and inter-day experiments were quite correct ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium dithionite reaction allows qualitative detection of PQ and DQ in urine or gastric fluid (Berry and Grove, 1971;Yuen et al, 1967). For serum or urine spectrophotometric methods are used (Knepil, 1977;Tayama et al, 1991;Kesari et al, 1997) or derivated spectrophotometric methods (O'Haver, 1979;Fell et al, 1981;Jarvie et al, 1981;Fuke et al, 1992), chromatographic analysis-highperformance liquid chromatography (Miller et al, 1979;Gill et al, 1983;Nakagiri et al, 1989;Ito, 1993), gas chromatography (Martens and Heynfrickse, 1974;Kawase et al, 1984) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometric methods (Draflan et al, 1977), radioimmunologic assays (Levitt, 1979;Fatori and Hunter, 1980) and RMN 1 H (Imbenotte et al, 1999). Interest in capillary electrophoresis has greatly increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separation and quantification of paraquat and diquat in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis

Vinner

Stievenart

Humbert

et al. 2001

Biomedical Chromatography

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The use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) in both serum and urine was investigated. The two herbicides were extracted from biological fluids with liquefied phenol. Serum required a deproteinization with chloroform and ammonium sulfate as pretreatment. The extracts were hydrodynamically injected and the complete separation was carried out in 10 min, using a capillary tube (75 microm i.d., 500 mm) of fused silica containing 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.50) as the carrier. UV absorbance detection at 200 nm was performed by an on-column detector. The analytes were characterized by their respective migration times. Analytical recoveries were 52.6% for PQ and 62.6% for DQ in serum, and 71.4% and 59.3%, respectively, in urine. The linearity was studied up to 4 mg/L and the limits of detection (LODs) were better than 5 pg/mL in serum or urine. The CE method described was applied to the characterization of two lethal poisonings and results were related.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and quantification of paraquat and diquat in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis

Vinner

Stievenart

Humbert

et al. 2001

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…PQ concentration was determined with the reported methods[26,27] with minor modifications. Plasma samples were sent to Shihezi University College of Pharmacy for quantitative analysis using HPLC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, this study aimed to testify whether smecta can reduce the plasma concentration determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)[26,27] and improve pathological damage of the rats with PQ intoxication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effects of smecta or smectite powder on rats with paraquat toxication

Jiang¹,

Ma²,

Wang³

et al. 2013

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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BACKGROUND:The plasma concentration of paraquat is closely related to the prognosis of patients with paraquat toxication, and the most common cause of death from paraquat poisoning is multiple organ failure (MOF). This study aimed to evaluate therapeutic effect of smecta on the plasma concentrations of paraquat and multi-organ injury induced by paraquat intoxication in rats.METHODS:A total of 76 healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into group A (control group, n=6), group B (poisoned group, n=30) and group C (smecta-treated group, n=30). Rats in groups B and C were treated intragastrically with PQ at 50 mg/kg, and rats in group A was treated intragastrically with saline (1 mL). Rats in group C were given intragastrically smecta at 400 mg/kg 10 minutes after administration of PQ, while rats in other two groups were treated intragastrically with 1 mL saline at the same time. Live rats in groups B and C were sacrificed at 2, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours after administration of PQ for the determination of paraquat plasma concentrations and for HE staining of the lung, stomach and jejunum. The rats were executed at the end of trial by the same way in group A.RESULTS:The plasma concentration of paraquat (ng/mL) ranged from 440.314±49.776 to 4320.6150±413.947. Distinctive pathological changes were seen in the lung, stomach and jejunum in group B. Lung injuries deteriorated gradually, edema, leukocyte infiltration, pneumorrhagia, incrassated septa and lung consolidation were observed. Abruption of mucosa, hyperemic gastric mucosa and leukocyte infiltration were obvious in the stomach. The hemorrhage of jejunum mucosa, the abruption of villus, the gland damage with the addition of inflammatory cell infiltration were found. Compared to group B, the plasma concentration of paraquat reduced (P<0.01) and the pathological changes mentioned above were obviously alleviated in group C (P<0.05, P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Smecta reduced the plasma concentration of paraquat and alleviated pathologic injury of rats with PQ poisoning.

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“…Paraquat quantitation in outflow perfusate and lung homogenates was carried out using a rapid, simple method based on second-derivative spectrophotometry (Fell et al 1981;Fuke et al 1992;Kuo et al 2001) using a Shimadzu model UV/VIS 160 double-beam with a built-in microcomputer and a quartz cell with an optical path length of 1.0 cm. No interference was observed in the zero-order and second-derivative spectrum of the blank.…”

Section: Paraquat Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of paraquat in the isolated rat lung: Influence of sodium depletion

Dinis-Oliveira

Valle²,

Bastos³

et al. 2006

Xenobiotica

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Paraquat accumulates in the lung through a characteristic polyamine uptake system. It has been previously shown that paraquat uptake can be significantly prevented if extracellular sodium (Na+) is reduced, although the available data correspond to experiments performed using tissue slices or incubated cells. This type of in vitro study fails to give information on the actual behaviour occurring in vivo since the anatomy and physiology of the studied tissue is disrupted. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to explore the usefulness of the isolated rat lung model when applied to characterize the kinetic behaviour of paraquat in this tissue after bolus injection under standard experimental conditions as well as to evaluate the influence of iso-osmotic replacement of Na+ by lithium (Li+) in the perfusion medium. The obtained results show that the present isolated rat lung model is useful for the analysis of paraquat toxicokinetics, which is reported herein for the first time. It was also observed that Na+ depletion in the perfusion medium leads to a decreased uptake of paraquat in the isolated rat lung, although it seems that this condition does not contribute to improve the elimination of paraquat once the herbicide reaches the extravascular structures of the tissue, since the paraquat tissue wash-out phase is similar under both experimental conditions assayed.

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A Rapid, Simultaneous Determination of Paraquat and Diquat in Serum and Urine Using Second-Derivative Spectroscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Separation and quantification of paraquat and diquat in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis

Separation and quantification of paraquat and diquat in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis

Therapeutic effects of smecta or smectite powder on rats with paraquat toxication

Kinetics of paraquat in the isolated rat lung: Influence of sodium depletion

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