A rapid review of recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination for COVID-19

Umakanthan, Srikanth; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Ranade, Anu Vinod; Das, Debasmita; Basavarajegowda, Abhishekh; Bukelo, Maryann M

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2021011

Cited by 65 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Shashi Tharoor (the former UN diplomat) argued that these innovative regional models are the "power of example" and could also lead other nations with limited infrastructure [74]. Early diagnosis, effective treatment and preventive measures form the cornerstones in disease containment thereby reducing its rapid spread, high morbidity and economic impact on the health systems [75]. Undoubtedly, some of the states in India did very well in containing the spread of COVID-19.…”

Section: Health Policy Options For Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Policy of India and COVID-19: Diagnosis and Prognosis of the Combating Response

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Society and public policy have been remained interwoven since the inception of the modern state. Public health policy has been one of the important elements of the public administration of the Government of India (GOI). In order to universalize healthcare facilities for all, the GOI has formulated and implemented the national health policy (NHP). The latest NHP (2017) has been focused on the “Health in All” approach. On the other hand, the ongoing pandemic COVID-19 had left critical impacts on India’s health, healthcare system, and human security. The paper’s main focus is to critically examine the existing healthcare facilities and the GOI’s response to combat the COVID-19 apropos the NHP 2017. The paper suggests policy options that can be adopted to prevent the further expansion of the pandemic and prepare the country for future health emergency-like situations. (2) Methods: Extensive literature search was done in various databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, and google scholar search engines to gather relevant information in the Indian context. (3) Results: Notwithstanding the several combatting steps on a war-footing level, COVID-19 has placed an extra burden over the already overstretched healthcare infrastructure. Consequently, infected cases and deaths have been growing exponentially, making India stand in second place among the top ten COVID-19-infected countries. (4) Conclusions: India needs to expand the public healthcare system and enhance the expenditure as per the set goals in NHP-17 and WHO standards. The private healthcare system has not been proved reliable during the emergency. Only the public health system is suitable for the country wherein the population’s substantial size is rural and poor.

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Section: Health Policy Options For Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Policy of India and COVID-19: Diagnosis and Prognosis of the Combating Response

et al. 2021

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“…Fever, cough, and malaise have been the most common symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on the patient's age and comorbidities, further symptoms targeting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems have been recorded [14,15]. SARS-non-specific CoV-2's clinical manifestation necessitates timely detection in order to effectively control this raging disease.…”

Section: How To Diagnose Covid-19?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SARS-non-specific CoV-2's clinical manifestation necessitates timely detection in order to effectively control this raging disease. Sensitive and specific diagnostic technologies, such as gene sequencing, electron microscopy, and cell culture procedures, can help with this [14,16]. The most frequent quick diagnostic technique for identifying SARS-CoV-2 is real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which combines the principles of transcription and amplification, resulting in a high specificity rate [14,17].…”

Section: How To Diagnose Covid-19?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitive and specific diagnostic technologies, such as gene sequencing, electron microscopy, and cell culture procedures, can help with this [14,16]. The most frequent quick diagnostic technique for identifying SARS-CoV-2 is real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which combines the principles of transcription and amplification, resulting in a high specificity rate [14,17]. Depending on the clinical manifestation of the patients, viral detection specimens range from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs to bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, stool, urine, and blood [14,18].…”

Section: How To Diagnose Covid-19?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Overview On The Most Recent Trends In Covid-19 Diagnosis, Treatment Options And Vaccine Development Status

Patel¹,

Parikh²,

Patel³

2021

TJOPAM

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The global pandemic produced by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and which then spread rapidly, made it difficult to find or develop effective medications for its prevention and treatment. Therefore, the first stage is necessitating the use of a precise and quick diagnostic method to detect SARS-CoV-2 infected patient followed by effective patient isolation and the commencement of early treatment, which can range from supportive therapy to specialised medications such corticosteroids, antiviral medications, antibiotics, and the recently introduced convalescent plasma. Despite the extraordinary developments in advanced medicinal system, no confirmed viable medicines exist at this time. Rapid research on SARS CoV-2 epidemiology has led to the discovery of certain new targets for prospective therapeutic treatments. Many therapeutic options have been evaluated, and clinical studies are proceeding at a breakneck speed. However, there is a lot of room for more study into finding cost-effective and safer medicines, vaccinations, and measures to ensuring that COVID-19 preventive and treatment programmes are available to everyone. The goal of this study is to compile all of the current advancements in the worldwide medical system in the fight against COVID-19.

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“…To identify optimized strategies of antigen-based rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2, numerous studies [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] have been performed and partly summarized in additional reviews [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ] after those first, quite disillusioning trials [ 3 ]. Despite persisting sensitivity issues and resulting in quite variable diagnostic reliability [ 57 ], antigen-testing was broadly used in the reaction to the second SARS-CoV-2 wave in many countries [ 58 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 with Antigen Testing, Transcription-Mediated Amplification and Real-Time PCR

Dierks

Bader

Schwanbeck

et al. 2021

JCM

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This study was performed as a head-to-head comparison of the performance characteristics of (1) two SARS-CoV-2-specific rapid antigen assays with real-time PCR as gold standard as well as (2) a fully automated high-throughput transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay and real-time PCR in a latent class analysis-based test comparison without a gold standard with several hundred samples in a low prevalence “real world” setting. Recorded sensitivity and specificity of the NADAL and the LumiraDx antigen assays and the Hologic Aptima SARS-CoV-2 TMA assay were 0.1429 (0.0194, 0.5835), 0.7644 (0.7016, 0.8174), and 0.7157 (0, 1) as well as 0.4545 (0.2022, 0.7326), 0.9954 (0.9817, 0.9988), and 0.9997 (not estimable), respectively. Agreement kappa between the positive results of the two antigen-based assays was 0.060 (0.002, 0.167) and 0.659 (0.492, 0.825) for TMA and real-time PCR. Samples with low viral load as indicated by cycle threshold (Ct) values > 30 were generally missed by both antigen assays, while 1:10 pooling suggested higher sensitivity of TMA compared to real-time PCR. In conclusion, both sensitivity and specificity speak in favor of the use of the LumiraDx rather than the NADAL antigen assay, while TMA results are comparably as accurate as PCR, when applied in a low prevalence setting.

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A rapid review of recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination for COVID-19

Cited by 65 publications

References 85 publications

Public Health Policy of India and COVID-19: Diagnosis and Prognosis of the Combating Response

Public Health Policy of India and COVID-19: Diagnosis and Prognosis of the Combating Response

A Comprehensive Overview On The Most Recent Trends In Covid-19 Diagnosis, Treatment Options And Vaccine Development Status

Diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 with Antigen Testing, Transcription-Mediated Amplification and Real-Time PCR

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