A rapid procedure for plutonium separation in large volumes of fresh and saline water by manganese dioxide coprecipitation

Wong, K.M.; Brown, Gail; Noshkin, V.E.

doi:10.1007/bf02520621

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The sampler enables processing of up to 4000 L of water in 3 hours [73], A very efficient separation of radionuclides from large water samples can be achieved by Mn0 2 impregnated filters. This technique is the preferred method for the pre-concentration from large volumes of water of very low concentrations of fallout radionuclides, particularly plutonium and americium (e.g., [74,75]). …”

Section: Methods For Direct Speciation Analysis Of Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Radionuclides in the Environment

Gunten

Beneš

1995

Radiochimica Acta

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Methods for the determination of the speciation of radionuclides in aerosols, in aquatic solutions, in sediments, soils and rocks are reviewed. At present, most of the results about speciation are deduced from model calculations, model experiments, and separation of species (forms) of radionuclides, e.g., by sequential extraction procedures. Methods of direct determination of speciation of radionuclides (e.g., by laser induced spectroscopy) are in general not yet sensitive enough for a measurement of the very low concentrations of radionuclides in the environment. The methodological part of this paper is followed by a review of the very abundant literature about speciation of important radionuclides in the environment, i.e., in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphère. The review does not include the biosphere. Literature up to spring 1993 is included (with a few more recent additions).

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Section: Methods For Direct Speciation Analysis Of Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Radionuclides in the Environment

Gunten

Beneš

1995

Radiochimica Acta

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“…Preconcentration by coprecipitation with iron hydroxides (Wong 197 1;Livingston et al 1974) was carried out in the field for the June 1982 samples from Soap Lake and for some of the earlier samples collected for preliminary Pu measurements. The manganese oxide coprecipitation method (Wong et al 1976;Schell et al 1978) was used for the Preconcentration step for Saanich Inlet samples. The isotope 242Pu was added as the yield tracer for all samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fallout plutonium in two oxic‐anoxic environments1

Sanchez

Murray

Schell

et al. 1986

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Direct precipitation as well as sorption with Mn02 has provided rapid separation of plutonium with 100-to 800- fold reduction in sample size with recoveries of 80 -90%, 13 The recovery was 80% for seawater and 90% for fresh water. A procedure using Fe(OH)3 precipitation as the initial concentration step yielded 63±10% recovery.…”

Section: Precipitation and Sorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Analysis Methods for Actinides in Aqueous Systemst

Choppin

1995

ANAL. SCI.

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Methods for trace analysis of the 5f actinide elements are reviewed. Emphasis is on the non-radioactive methods of analysis such as absorption and laser induced spectroscopies, precipitation and/or sorption, ion exchange and solvent extraction. Particular attention is given to methods which allow measurement of the relative concentrations of the different oxidation states of a cation such as plutonium as they occur in nature. Comparisons are given of the sensitivities of these methods with that of traditional radioactivity counting.Keywords Actinide, solvent extraction, luminescence, ion exchange, trace analysis, plutoniumThe radioactivity released to the atmosphere from nuclear testing has been estimated as about 200 EBq whereas that from reactor operation is ca. 3.3 EBq. By comparison, the Chernobyl accident released ca. 2 EBq and the TMI accident, 10-6 EBq. Most of the fission products are short lived and within a few years of the release, the radioactivity is dominated by 90Sr and 137Cs decay. However, over a longer time (> 1000 years), the actinide elements become the major source of residual radioactivity. Neptunium, plutonium, and americium are the major elements of long term concern, both from the weapon release and from the nuclear waste being generated by reactors. One ton of irradiated fuel from the present PWR reactors has 10.4 kg Pu, 0.48 kg Np and 0.16 kg Am. Although it is unlikely that releases from the nuclear fuel cycle are expected to be much less than the radioactivity in the environment from nuclear weapons tests, we must ensure this by careful management of the mining and reprocessing technology and by safe disposal of the final nuclear wastes.The hydrolytic, complexation (C032-, P043-, F-, humate, etc.), and sorption tendencies of actinides in natural waters increase the problems of determination of the nature and concentrations of the dissolved species. Particularly for plutonium is the speciation made difficult by the ease of redox reactions between the III, IV, V and VI oxidation states and the possibility of the coexistence of several of these oxidation states occurring simultaneously. We can use studies of the environmental behavior of the radioactivity released by weapons tests, previous reactor operations and the Chernobyl accident to predict the fate of future release. Since the concentrations are very low, trace analytical methods are required. In this paper, some methods for separation and analysis of trace concentrations of actinides in different oxidation states are reviewed. Developing reliable separation methods for ion which easily undergo redox is difficult and the use of "oxidation analogs" has been of major value in such work.

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A rapid procedure for plutonium separation in large volumes of fresh and saline water by manganese dioxide coprecipitation

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Speciation of Radionuclides in the Environment

Speciation of Radionuclides in the Environment

Fallout plutonium in two oxic‐anoxic environments1

Trace Analysis Methods for Actinides in Aqueous Systemst

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