A rapid phenotyping method for adult plant resistance to leaf rust in wheat

Riaz, Adnan; Periyannan, Sambasivam; Aitken, E. A. B.; Hickey, Lee T.

doi:10.1186/s13007-016-0117-7

Cited by 76 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation between field and greenhouse response for the lines tested. The R 2 values for the most highly correlated field sites from this analysis are similar to those found in a similar study conducted on wheat leaf rust ( R 2 = 0.77) (Riaz et al., ). The measurements in Riaz et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The measurements in Riaz et al. () were taken at the flag‐2 leaf stage under accelerated growth conditions, indicating that scores taken at 5 weeks of age can provide a similar picture to those taken at a much later growth stage in the greenhouse. The correlation analysis also illustrated the accurate reflection of field trial scores by greenhouse APR screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The main limitations that prevent rapid characterization and use of barley APR genes include reliance on seasonal field trials and phenotypic variation due to fluctuations in temperature and disease pressure. The plant response to disease under field conditions is dependent on variable environmental conditions, decreasing the reliability of year to year comparisons (Riaz, Periyannan, Aitken, & Hickey, ). At present, most phenotyping for APR is conducted in the field annually over successive seasons (Singh, Dracatos, Derevnina, Zhou, & Park, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid phenotyping of adult plant resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to leaf rust under controlled conditions

et al. 2018

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Breeding for adult plant resistance (APR) is currently impeded by the low frequency of annual field‐based testing and variable environmental conditions. We developed and implemented a greenhouse‐based methodology for the rapid phenotyping of APR to leaf rust in barley to improve the efficacy of gene discovery and cloning. We assessed the effects of temperature (18 and 23°C) and growth stage (1–5 weeks) on the expression of APR in the greenhouse using 28 barley genotypes with both known and uncharacterized APR. All lines were susceptible in week 1, while lines carrying Rph20 and several with uncharacterized resistance expressed resistance as early as week 2. In contrast, lines lacking Rph20 and carrying either Rph23 and/or Rph24 expressed resistance from week 4. Resistant phenotypes were clearest at 18°C. A subset of 16 of the 28 lines were assessed for leaf rust across multiple national and international field sites. The greenhouse screening data reported in this study were highly correlated to most of the field sites, indicating that they provide comparable data on APR phenotypes for screening purposes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid phenotyping of adult plant resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to leaf rust under controlled conditions

et al. 2018

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“…tritici) and wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) can also be scored accurately under speed breeding conditions [11,12].We also evaluated the effect of loss-of-function of FLOWERING LOCUS T-B1 in the F6 RIL of Paragon x W352 under speed breeding conditions. We observed the expected late flowering phenotype in the RIL, albeit within fewer days and with fewer leaves produced ( Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Speed breeding: a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding

Watson

Ghosh

Williams

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand [1]. This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here we present a method called 'speed breeding', . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/161182 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 9, 2017; Watson and Ghosh et al. (2017) 2 which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programs.Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and pea (Pisum sativum) and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2-3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully-enclosed controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies, and transformation.The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost-saving through LED supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing, and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.For most crop plants, the breeding of new, advanced cultivars, takes several years. Following crossing of selected parent lines, 4-6 generations of inbreeding are typically required to develop genetically stable lines for evaluation of agronomic traits and yield. This is particularly timeconsuming for field-grown crops that are often limited to only 1-2 generations per year. Here, we present flexible protocols for "speed breeding" that use prolonged photoperiods to accelerate the developmental rate of plants [2], thereby reducing generation time. We highlight the opportunity presented by speed breeding and detail protocols to inspire widespread adoption as a state-of-theart breeding and research tool.To evaluate speed breeding as a method to accelerate applied and basic research on cereal species, standard genotypes of spring bread wheat (T. aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (H. vulgare) and the model grass Brachypodium distachyon were grown in a controlled environment room with extended photoperiod (22 hours light/2 hours dark) ( Fig. 1; Methods:Speed breeding I; Supplementary Table 1). A light/dark period was chosen over a continuous photoperiod to support functional expression of circadian clock genes [3]. Growth was compare...

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“…The larger breeding population is then genotyped and the breeding value is used to predict the phenotypes of lines in the population. By reducing the cost of and time spent on phenotyping, and by incorporating rapid generation times (known as 'speedy' breeding 79 ), the amount of time that it takes to increase genetic gain is being reduced 80 .…”

Section: Systems For Crop Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic innovation for crop improvement

Bevan

Uauy

Wulff

et al. 2017

Nature

318

240

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Crop production needs to increase to secure future food supplies, while reducing its impact on ecosystems. Detailed characterization of plant genome structure and genetic diversity is crucial for meeting these challenges. Advances in genome sequencing and assembly are being used to access to the large and complex genomes of crops and their wild relatives. Sequencing of wild crop relatives is identifying a wide spectrum of genetic variation, permitting the association of genetic diversity with diverse agronomic phenotypes. In combination with improved and automated phenotyping assays and functional genomic studies, genomics is providing new foundations for crop-breeding systems. In the twentieth century, famines caused by political crises, mismanagement of food production or genocide killed an estimated 70 million people and were second only to war as the greatest manmade cause of death 1 . The father of the Green Revolution, Norman Borlaug, summarized the importance of crops: "Without food, people perish, social and political organizations disintegrate, and civilizations collapse. " For thousands of years, people have dedicated considerable resources to securing food supplies; for example, grain supplies to ancient Rome were secured through an extensive network of long-distance transport, and the distribution of grain was coordinated and subsidized by the cura annonae ('care for the grain supply'), an important figure who contributed to the maintenance of political unity and power.During the past 10,000 years, a period known as the Holocene, Earth's environment has been unusually stable. This probably facilitated the domestication of crops from wild species, resulting in steadily improved yields and adaptation to new agricultural areas. The production of food is now carried out on a vast scale, with 38% of Earth's surface dedicated to agriculture 2 . This increased production is having a pervasive influence on ecosystems worldwide: nitrogen production for agriculture accounts for 1.2% of global energy consumption 3 ; photosynthesis can no longer maintain stable levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide; and food production consumes around 70% of freshwater supplies. The modelling of crop responses to increases in temperature predicts that there will be a considerable reduction in the yield of rice, an important crop around the world 4 . Climate change could also alter the dynamics of crop pathogenic agents by altering the range of vectors and by compromising the immune response of crops 5 .Crop production must therefore adapt to more variable environments and the substantial impact it has on the environment needs to be reduced. Productivity must also increase at a much greater rate than in the past to meet the needs of Earth's growing population 6 . Genetic improvements in crop performance continue to be crucial for increasing crop productivity, but current rates of improvement are unable to meet the demands of sustainability and food security 7 . Plant genomics has a central role in the improvement of crops, includi...

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A rapid phenotyping method for adult plant resistance to leaf rust in wheat

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Rapid phenotyping of adult plant resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to leaf rust under controlled conditions

Rapid phenotyping of adult plant resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to leaf rust under controlled conditions

Speed breeding: a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding

Genomic innovation for crop improvement

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