A rapid luminescent-phage based MPN method for the enumeration of Salmonella typhimurium in environmental samples

Turpin, Phillip E.; Maycroft, Kevin A.; Bedford, Jennifer J.; Rowlands, Christopher; Wellington, E. M. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1993.tb01364.x

Cited by 55 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…12 Both these applications make use of the bacterial luciferase gene, luxAB, which requires aldehyde and NADH as substrates. NADH is present in viable cells, but the aldehyde is normally applied exogenously.…”

Section: Application Of Lrp In Other Generamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phage as a diagnostic – the use of phage in TB diagnosis

Mole

Maskell

2001

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Rapid TB diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing is limited by the slow growth of the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Effective and rapid methods for the detection and drug susceptibility testing of TB, that are suitable for implementation in low income countries, which bear the highest TB burden, are urgently needed for effective identi®cation, treatment and control of the disease. Mycobacteriophages have the potential to become useful tools in the diagnosis of TB, as they are speci®c for mycobacteria and only replicate in, and hence detect, viable cells. Phage-based techniques involve simple manual manipulations that typically require little capital expense and yield results rapidly. Two techniques have been developed recently which use mycobacteriophage for the antibiotic susceptibility testing and direct diagnosis of TB from sputum. Luciferase Reporter Phages (LRP) are recombinant phages that contain the gene for the ®re-¯y luciferase enzyme. Upon infection of mycobacteria by these phages, this enzyme is produced within a cell. In the presence of this enzyme, light is produced by viable cells that also contain the substrates for the enzyme: ATP and luciferin (added exogenously). The`Bronx Box' has been developed as a low cost means of detecting light signal from mycobacteria infected with LRP using photographic ®lm. A MTB strain's susceptibility to an antibiotic can be assessed by comparing light production, as an indication of the presence of viable cells, in samples pre-incubated in the presence and absence of the test antibiotic. Susceptibility testing of some of the front line drugs for TB chemotherapy has given excellent results (detection of all resistant isolates), using LRP and the Bronx Box. Phage ampli®cation uses the production of progeny phage, instead of a reporter gene product, to re¯ect the presence of target bacteria. The technique has been successfully applied to drug susceptibility testing and for diagnosis to the TB from sputum specimens. Viable MTB cells within a specimen are uniquely infected by a bacteriophage reagent. A potent selective virucide destroys all the phage particles that remain outside the cells while remaining inactive against the MTB bacilli (and the phages that have infected them). After the virucide has been neutralised, and phages that are released from infected cells are indicative of TB cells being present in the original specimen. These phages can be easily detected by propagation on lawns of non-pathogenic rapidly growing mycobacteria. A commercially available test, termed FASTPlaqueTB-RIF, determines the rifampicin susceptibility of isolates by comparing the viability of cells pre-treated with and without rifampicin. Results give excellent agreement (97±98% overall) with conventional`gold standard' methods, but in 2 days rather than 3 weeks. Preliminary work has shown that it should be possible to reduce the assay time to 24 h. A variation to this method, FASTPlaqueTB, detects TB directly from sputum specimens and is capable of rap...

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Section: Application Of Lrp In Other Generamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,7,10 Typically, detection technologies for Salmonella and other food-borne pathogens use the prokaryotic gene, 11,12 whereas systems for the detection of MTB use the ®re-¯y gene. 7 A mycobacteriophage, with a ®re-¯y luciferase gene (f¯ux) inserted within its genome, is used to infect MTB within a sample.…”

Section: Luciferase Reporter Phage Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage as a diagnostic – the use of phage in TB diagnosis

Mole

Maskell

2001

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…However, they are not always suited to pharmaceutical and medical devices due to the large difference in the number of contaminating microorganisms. Their procedures of detection may be direct, in which individual microorganisms or populations of organisms are directly observed, or indirect, whereby microbial metabolism, metabolites, or components can be Pettipher, 1983;Hutcheson et al, 1988;Rodrigues and Kroll, 1988;Rodrigues and Kroll, 1990;Diaper and Edwards, 1994;Nebe-von Caron et al, 1998;Newby, 2000;Van Poucke and Nelis, 2000;DeCory et al, 2005, electrical resistance Baynes et al, 1983Owens and WacherViveros, 1986;Silley and Forsythe, 1996;Newby, 2000 , enzyme monitoring Kroll andRodrigues, 1986;Watling and Leech, 1996;Newby, 2000 , Limulus amoebocyte lysate Jorgensen and Alexander, 1981;Bussey and Tsuji, 1984;Baines, 2000, nucleic acid probes Bauters et al, 1999Jordan, 2000;Newby, 2000;Dunsmoor et al, 2001;Jimenez et al, 2001;Serin et al, 2005;Chaieb et al, 2007;Zuluaga et al, 2009 , phage-interaction technology Wolber andGreen, 1990;Turpin et al, 1993;Stewart et al, 1996;Stewart et al, 1998;Mole et al, 1999;Wu et al, 2001 , andcarbon dioxide radiometry Cutler et al, 1989 . In addition to the methods summarized in Table 2, other techniques have been inve...…”

Section: Currently Available Rapid Methods and Their Brief Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Rapid Microbiological Assay and Their Application to Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Fabrication

SHINTANI

2016

Biocontrol Sci.

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There are several rapid microbiological methods becoming available that have useful applications in pharmaceutical and medical devices. They are ATP bioluminescence, fluorescent labeling, electrical resistance, and nucleic acid probes. In choosing to employ rapid methods, the microbiologist should examine their prospective performances against the specific requirements for that sector. Some methods may require expensive equipment and offer full automation, and others represent only a small investment. The regulatory view of these methods is changing and they still officially have not been approved in medical and pharmaceutical area, but it will still be up to the microbiologist to demonstrate that the method chosen is fit for the purpose intended.

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“…The specificity, sensitivity, discriminatory power and rapid replication of the bacteriophage makes the phage amplification technique an efficient way for a presumptive diagnostic (17,21,23). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage amplification assay for detection of Listeria spp. using virucidal laser treatment

Oliveira¹,

Almeida²,

Hofer³

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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A protocol for the bacteriophage amplification technique was developed for quantitative detection of viableListeria monocytogenes cells using the A511 listeriophage with plaque formation as the end-point assay.Laser and toluidine blue O (TBO) were employed as selective virucidal treatment for destruction of exogenous bacteriophage. Laser and TBO can bring a total reduction in titer phage (ca. 10 8 pfu/mL) without affecting the viability of L. monocytogenes cells. Artificially inoculated skimmed milk revealed mean populations of the bacteria as low as between 13 cfu/mL (1.11 log cfu/mL), after a 10-h assay duration.Virucidal laser treatment demonstrated better protection of Listeria cells than the other agents previously tested. The protocol was faster and easier to perform than standard procedures. This protocol constitutes an alternative for rapid, sensitive and quantitative detection of L. monocytogenes.

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A rapid luminescent-phage based MPN method for the enumeration of Salmonella typhimurium in environmental samples

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

Phage as a diagnostic – the use of phage in TB diagnosis

Phage as a diagnostic – the use of phage in TB diagnosis

Methods of Rapid Microbiological Assay and Their Application to Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Fabrication

Bacteriophage amplification assay for detection of Listeria spp. using virucidal laser treatment

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