A Rapid Enzyme Immunoassay for Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine Using Glucose Oxidase.

Abstract

A rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for cocaine and its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BZE), using glucose oxidase (GOD) was established. Drug concentrations in samples were determined by the inhibition test. BZE-conjugated GOD and samples were added into the wells of a 96-well microtest plate coated with anti-BZE monoclonal antibody. After washings, color development was performed by additions of glucose, horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), which was a non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic chromogen. The time required for the immune reaction and the subsequent color development was only 12 min in this EIA. The EIA specifically detected cocaine and BZE at the low detection limit, that is, about 45.4 pg/well for cocaine, and 433 pg/well for BZE, respectively. The values were hardly interfered by urine diluted to 10%. The present assay method was rapid, sensitive, simple, and safe, and was easily carried out anyplace a micro-plate reader was available. Therefore, it might be suitable to screen cocaine and BZE in urine at the scene of abuse.

Cocaine Detection by a Laser-Induced Immunofluorometric Biosensor

“…Several excellent reviews have been published to give a broad insight into conventional and emerging techniques for the detection of illegal drugs and their metabolites. Reviews or other papers covering the detection of drugs, e.g., via the testing of hair [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], the use of molecularly imprinted polymers [ 10 , 11 ], aptamers [ 12 ], ion mobility spectrometry [ 10 , 11 ], mass spectrometry [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], hybrid methods [ 18 ], electrochemical methods [ 19 , 20 ], biosensors [ 12 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], and immunoassays [ 35 , 36 , 37 ] have been published. Quite popular in analytical chemistry was the detection of cocaine on banknotes [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Cocaine Detection by a Laser-induced Immunofluorometric Biosensor

“…Several excellent reviews have been published to give a broad insight over conventional and emerging techniques for the detection of illegal drugs and their metabolites. Reviews or other papers covering the detection of drugs, e.g via the testing of hair [3][4][5][6], the use of molecularly imprinted polymers [7,8], aptamers [9], ion mobility spectrometry [10,11], mass spectrometry [12][13][14][15][16], hybrid methods [17], electrochemical methods [18,19], biosensors [9,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and immunoassays [34][35][36] have been published. Quite popular in analytical chemistry was the detection of cocaine on banknotes [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44].…”