A rapid determination of the total sugar content and the average inulin chain length in roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L)

Waes, Chris Van; Baert, Joost; Carlier, L.; Bockstaele, Erik Van

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199801)76:1<107::aid-jsfa911>3.3.co;2-y

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…At the end of a long cold period, rhizomes of P. terminalis accumulated up to 12.3% of fructans on a fresh weight basis. For comparison, commercial chicory root cultivars can accumulate up to 18% inulintype fructans (Van Waes et al, 1998;Van den Ende and Van Laere, 2007).…”

Section: P Terminalis Accumulates Both Graminan-and Levan-type Fructansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Unexpected Presence of Graminan- and Levan-Type Fructans in the Evergreen Frost-Hardy Eudicot Pachysandra terminalis (Buxaceae): Purification, Cloning, and Functional Analysis of a 6-SST/6-SFT Enzyme

et al. 2010

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About 15% of flowering plants accumulate fructans. Inulin-type fructans with b(2,1) fructosyl linkages typically accumulate in the core eudicot families (e.g. Asteraceae), while levan-type fructans with b(2,6) linkages and branched, graminan-type fructans with mixed linkages predominate in monocot families. Here, we describe the unexpected finding that graminan-and levan-type fructans, as typically occurring in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), also accumulate in Pachysandra terminalis, an evergreen, frost-hardy basal eudicot species. Part of the complex graminan-and levan-type fructans as accumulating in vivo can be produced in vitro by a sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) enzyme with inherent sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) and fructan 6-exohydrolase side activities. This enzyme produces a series of cereal-like graminan-and levan-type fructans from sucrose as a single substrate. The 6-SST/6-SFT enzyme was fully purified by classic column chromatography. In-gel trypsin digestion led to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based cDNA cloning. The functionality of the 6-SST/6-SFT cDNA was demonstrated after heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. Both the recombinant and native enzymes showed rather similar substrate specificity characteristics, including peculiar temperature-dependent inherent 1-SST and fructan 6-exohydrolase side activities. The finding that cereal-type fructans accumulate in a basal eudicot species further confirms the polyphyletic origin of fructan biosynthesis in nature. Our data suggest that the fructan syndrome in P. terminalis can be considered as a recent evolutionary event. Putative connections between abiotic stress and fructans are discussed.About 45,000 species of angiosperms, approximately 15% of the flowering plants, store fructans, Fru-based oligo-and polysaccharides derived from Suc. Fructans are known to occur in the highly evolved orders of the Poales (Poaceae), Liliales (Liliaceae), Asparagales, Asterales (Asteraceae and Campanulaceae), and Dipsacales as well as within the Boraginaceae (Hendry, 1993). Fructans are believed to accumulate in the vacuole (Wiemken et al., 1986), although fructans and fructan degrading enzymes (fructan exohydrolases [FEHs]) have also been reported in the apoplast (Livingston and Henson, 1998;Van den Ende et al., 2005). To explain this observation, it was hypothesized that fructans can be transferred from the vacuole to the outer side of the plasma membrane by vesicle-mediated exocytosis (Valluru et al., 2008, and refs. therein), especially under stress. Fructans might protect plants against freezing/drought stresses (Valluru and Van den Ende, 2008) by stabilizing membranes (Vereyken et al., 2001;Hincha et al., 2002Hincha et al., , 2003. Recent studies on transgenic plants carrying fructan biosynthetic genes (Parvanova et al., 2004;Li et al., 2007;Kawakami et al., 2008) suggest that the enhanced tolerance of these plants is associated with the presence of fructans. Their reduced lipid p...

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Section: P Terminalis Accumulates Both Graminan-and Levan-type Fructansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Unexpected Presence of Graminan- and Levan-Type Fructans in the Evergreen Frost-Hardy Eudicot Pachysandra terminalis (Buxaceae): Purification, Cloning, and Functional Analysis of a 6-SST/6-SFT Enzyme

et al. 2010

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“…The temperature of the bath was controlled with a constant temperature water-bath. After filtration, inulin extract samples were collected, concentrated to 20°Brix by a rotary evaporator at about 40°C 22 and analyzed for total carbohydrates, reducing sugar and total soluble solids content (°Brix). The inulin content in each sample was measured with the difference between total carbohydrates and reducing sugars 23 .…”

Section: Ultrasonic Extraction Of Inulin Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, a statistical experimental design based on central composite design (CCD) (for the experiments) and RSM (for identifying the optimal levels) 25 were planned to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of inulin and to analyze the effect of each variable, their interactions, and second-order terms. Table1shows maximum (coded as 1), minimum (coded as −1) and central (coded as 0) levels for each independent variable in the CCD: ultrasonic extraction time (X 1 ), ratio of water to raw material (X 2 ) and ultrasonic temperature (X 3 Where (Y) is the calculated response function, X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are the levels of the independent variables, b 0 is the intercept term, b 1 , b 2 and b 3 are the linear coefficients, b 11 , b 22 and b 33 are the quadratic coefficients, b 12 , b 13 and b 23 are the interaction coefficients and e is the global error. The coefficients were determined by multiple linear regressions.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Characterization of Tunisian Cichorium Intybus L. Roots and Optimization of Ultrasonic Inulin Extraction

Zarroug

Aydi²,

Dorra³

et al. 2016

Mediterr.J.Chem.,

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In this study Cichorium intybus L. roots were tested for its chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and phenolic profile. Optimization of ultrasonic inulin extraction using response surface methodology (RSM) was further investigated. Chicory roots were found to have high value of total carbohydrates (70.43%), soluble fiber (66.93), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (33.07%), potassium (380 mg/100g), calcium (540 mg/100g) and sodium (140 mg/100g). Chicory roots exhibit a high content of flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins. Antioxidant activity measurement reveals the capacity of Chicory roots to scavenge diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Phenolic acids profile shows the abundance of vanillic acid (19.64%) followed by protocatechuic acid (15.67%). The effect of three independent variables namely extraction time, the ratio of water to raw material and temperature on inulin extraction was studied. Optimum deciding responses were Inulin content, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) content and Water produced inulin yield. The optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions were: extraction time 87 min, liquid to solid ratio 38 (ml/g) and ultrasonic temperature 61°C. Under these conditions, the inulin content, TSS content and produced inulin yield were 35.92%, 24.72%, and 32.53%, respectively. The produced inulin was characterized by the Fourier infrared transformation (FTIR) and observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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“…We can therefore extend the Edelman and Jefford model, which originally was drafted for the synthesis of low molecular weight inulin in Jerusalem artichoke (H. tuberosus), to the high molecular weight inulin typical for globe artichoke (C. scolymus). As the chain length is an important quality determinant in industrial inulin production (30), this result is also of considerable economic interest.…”

Section: Accumulation Of High Molecular Weight Inulin In Plants Exprementioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) tubers synthesize the full spectrum of inulin molecules naturally occurring in globe artichoke ( Cynara scolymus ) roots

Hellwege

Czapla

A³

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

168

103

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The ability to synthesize high molecular weight inulin was transferred to potato plants via constitutive expression of the 1-SST (sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase) and the 1-FFT (fructan: fructan 1-fructosyltransferase) genes of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus). The fructan pattern of tubers from transgenic potato plants represents the full spectrum of inulin molecules present in artichoke roots as shown by high-performance anion exchange chromatography, as well as size exclusion chromatography. These results demonstrate in planta that the enzymes sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase and fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase are sufficient to synthesize inulin molecules of all chain lengths naturally occurring in a given plant species. Inulin made up 5% of the dry weight of transgenic tubers, and a low level of fructan production also was observed in fully expanded leaves. Although inulin accumulation did not influence the sucrose concentration in leaves or tubers, a reduction in starch content occurred in transgenic tubers, indicating that inulin synthesis did not increase the storage capacity of the tubers.

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A rapid determination of the total sugar content and the average inulin chain length in roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L)

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Unexpected Presence of Graminan- and Levan-Type Fructans in the Evergreen Frost-Hardy Eudicot Pachysandra terminalis (Buxaceae): Purification, Cloning, and Functional Analysis of a 6-SST/6-SFT Enzyme

Unexpected Presence of Graminan- and Levan-Type Fructans in the Evergreen Frost-Hardy Eudicot Pachysandra terminalis (Buxaceae): Purification, Cloning, and Functional Analysis of a 6-SST/6-SFT Enzyme

Biochemical Characterization of Tunisian Cichorium Intybus L. Roots and Optimization of Ultrasonic Inulin Extraction

Transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) tubers synthesize the full spectrum of inulin molecules naturally occurring in globe artichoke ( Cynara scolymus ) roots

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