A rapid chloroform-fumigation extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in flooded rice soils

Witt, Christian; Gaunt, J. L.; Galicia, C. C.; Ottow, J. C. G.; Neue, H. U.

doi:10.1007/s003740050030

Cited by 200 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…of soil extracted in 50 ml of 1M KCl, Wilson and Jefferies, 1996) and microbial C, N, P (225 g. f.w. of soil extracted in 50 ml of 0.5M K2SO4 using a modified chloroform-fumigation extraction (Witt et al, 2000;Henry and Jefferies, 2003). The K2SO4 extraction of unfumigated soils also provided an extract of exchangeable P. All extracts were frozen in a freezer at 20 °C at the Churchill Northern Studies Centre and remained frozen during the flight to Toronto and until further analysis.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics in a wet Arctic sedge meadow in late winter and early spring

Edwards

McCulloch

Kershaw

et al. 2006

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

157

115

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Microbial activity is known to continue during the winter months in cold alpine and Arctic soils often resulting in high microbial biomass. Complex soil nutrient dynamics characterize the transition when soil temperatures approach and exceed 0 °C in spring. At the time of this transition in alphine soils microbial biomass declines dramatically together with soil pools of available nutrients. This pattern of change characterizes alpine soils at the winter-spring transition but whether a similar pattern occurs in Arctic soils, which are colder, is unclear. In this study amounts of microbial biomass and the availability of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for microbial and plant growth in wet peaty soils of an Arctic sedge meadow have been determined across the winter-spring boundary. The objective was to determine the likely causes of the decline in microbial biomass in relation to temperature change and nutrient availability. The pattern of soil temperature at depths of 5-15 cm can be divided into three phases: below 10 °C in late winter, from 7 to 0°C for 7 weeks during a period of freeze-thaw cycles and above 0 °C in early spring. Peak microbial biomass and nutrient availability occurred early in the freezethaw phase. Subsequently, a steady decrease in inorganic N occurred, so that when soil temperatures rose above 0 °C, pools of inorganic nutrients in soils were very low. In contrast, amounts of microbial C and soluble organic C and N remained high until the end of the period of freeze-thaw cycles, when a sudden collapse occurred in soluble organic C and N and in phosphatase activity, followed by a crash in microbial biomass just prior to soil temperatures rising consistently above 0 °C. Following this, there was no large pulse of available nutrients, implying that competition for nutrients from roots results in the collapse of the microbial pool.

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Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics in a wet Arctic sedge meadow in late winter and early spring

Edwards

McCulloch

Kershaw

et al. 2006

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

157

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Organic matter content was determined by the potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation method as described in [24]. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were determined by the chloroform-fumigation extraction method as described in [25].…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China

et al. 2017

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This study investigated the effects of soil crust development on the underlying soil properties. The field sampling work was conducted in June 2016 in the Hobq Desert in Inner Mongolia, North China. Soil crust samples and 0-6, 6-12, 12-18, 18-24, and 24-30 cm deep underlying soil samples were taken from five representative areas of different soil crust development stages. All samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties, including water content, bulk density, aggregate content, organic matter content, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The results showed that the thickness, water content, macro-aggregate (>250 µm) content, organic matter content, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities of the soil crusts gradually increased along the soil crust development gradient, while the bulk density of the soil crusts decreased. Meanwhile, the physicochemical and biological properties of the soils below the algal and moss crusts were significantly ameliorated when compared to the physical crust. Moreover, the amelioration effects were significant in the upper horizons (∼0-12 cm deep) and diminished quickly in the deeper soil layers.

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“…Microbial enzymatic activity was determined by using Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis assay as described by and Gagnon et al (2007) and Sánchez-Monedero et al (2008). Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of the soil samples were extracting using rapid chloroform fumigation extraction approaches as described by Witt et al (2000). Then, the concentration of microbial biomass carbon was determined using wet dichromate digestion oxidation (Vásquez-Murrieta et al, 2007;Karam et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2013;Karam et al, 2015).…”

Section: Soil Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Soil Quality Index for Rehabilitated Tropical Forest Sites in Malaysia

Karam¹,

Abdu²,

Rajoo³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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A proposed soil quality index named Tropical Soil Quality Index 2 (TSQI2) was developed in this study using statistical analysed data of selected properties (physical, chemical and biological) of composite soil samples collected from natural, secondary and rehabilitated forests of Chikus and Tapah Hill Forest Reserves, Perak, Malaysia. Results of soil evaluation using TSQI2 showed higher values for planted forest in Chikus Forest Reserve compared to those of the rehabilitated forest in Tapah Hill Forest Reserve. Likewise, rehabilitated forest of Tapah Hill Forest Reserve had slightly higher index value compared to that of the secondary forest. The higher index for rehabilitated Chikus Forest Reserve compared to that of the natural forest was due to high MBC/MBN ratio values. The reason for this condition was the lower amount of microbial biomass nitrogen as compared to microbial biomass carbon. Plant growth performance of dominant trees species showed that Shorea leprosula was high in natural forests, followed by rehabilitated forest of Tapah Hill Forest Reserve. The newly proposed TSQI2 (which had been validated using actual data) is suitable for determining the quality of natural and rehabilitated forests in tropical regions.

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A rapid chloroform-fumigation extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in flooded rice soils

Cited by 200 publications

References 35 publications

Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics in a wet Arctic sedge meadow in late winter and early spring

Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics in a wet Arctic sedge meadow in late winter and early spring

Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China

Proposed Soil Quality Index for Rehabilitated Tropical Forest Sites in Malaysia

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