A rapid capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber spin-down tip approach for the isolation of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) from 20 common fruit and vegetable sources
“…In the first physical characterization of the vesicles, it was determined that the vesicles isolated from the juice were not only smaller in size, but also more heterogeneous, as determined by DLS and confirmed by TEM. By contrast to purification methods used in other studies, this method was mainly based on cell disruption and centrifugation steps, with the vesicles being more similar to those that could be formed in the organism after food consumption because additional purification steps after isolation, such as filtration, were not carried out 75,76 . Thus, the membrane vesicles obtained possess suitable physicochemical properties for use as nanocarriers in biotechnological applications, given that they are natural vesicles composed of sustainable and biodegradable materials that can be isolated in large quantities 22 …”
BackgroundRecently, vesicles derived from plant cell membranes received attention for their potential use as active biomolecules and nanocarriers, and obtaining them from organic crops may be an interesting option, as different farming systems can affect production, plant secondary metabolism, and biochemistry of cell membranes. This study aims to determine how organic and conventional farming affect the mineral nutrition, gas exchange, CO2 fixation, and biochemical composition of lemon fruits, which could have an impact on the different fractions of cell membranes in pulp and juice.ResultsThe results showed that organic trees had higher intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) but conventional trees had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUtE). Also, organic lemons had significantly higher levels of some micronutrients (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn). Secondly, the main differences in the membrane vesicles showed that organic pulp vesicles had a higher antioxidant activity and more oleic acid, while both types of vesicles from conventional lemons had more linoleic acid.ConclusionsIn conclusion, organic farming did not alter carbon fixation parameters but impacted nitrogen fixation and water uptake, and resulted in higher micronutrient levels in lemons. These mineral nutritional changes could be related to the higher production of membranes that showed suitable morphological traits and a high antioxidant activity, positively correlated with a high amount of oleic acid, which could have stronger cell protection characteristics.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
“…In the first physical characterization of the vesicles, it was determined that the vesicles isolated from the juice were not only smaller in size, but also more heterogeneous, as determined by DLS and confirmed by TEM. By contrast to purification methods used in other studies, this method was mainly based on cell disruption and centrifugation steps, with the vesicles being more similar to those that could be formed in the organism after food consumption because additional purification steps after isolation, such as filtration, were not carried out 75,76 . Thus, the membrane vesicles obtained possess suitable physicochemical properties for use as nanocarriers in biotechnological applications, given that they are natural vesicles composed of sustainable and biodegradable materials that can be isolated in large quantities 22 …”
BackgroundRecently, vesicles derived from plant cell membranes received attention for their potential use as active biomolecules and nanocarriers, and obtaining them from organic crops may be an interesting option, as different farming systems can affect production, plant secondary metabolism, and biochemistry of cell membranes. This study aims to determine how organic and conventional farming affect the mineral nutrition, gas exchange, CO2 fixation, and biochemical composition of lemon fruits, which could have an impact on the different fractions of cell membranes in pulp and juice.ResultsThe results showed that organic trees had higher intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) but conventional trees had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUtE). Also, organic lemons had significantly higher levels of some micronutrients (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn). Secondly, the main differences in the membrane vesicles showed that organic pulp vesicles had a higher antioxidant activity and more oleic acid, while both types of vesicles from conventional lemons had more linoleic acid.ConclusionsIn conclusion, organic farming did not alter carbon fixation parameters but impacted nitrogen fixation and water uptake, and resulted in higher micronutrient levels in lemons. These mineral nutritional changes could be related to the higher production of membranes that showed suitable morphological traits and a high antioxidant activity, positively correlated with a high amount of oleic acid, which could have stronger cell protection characteristics.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
“…This technique offers the advantage of time efficiency and does not necessitate the use of specialized equipment, rendering it feasible for implementation in any conventional biological laboratory. Furthermore, a recent investigation demonstrated the efficacy of a rapid capillary-channel polymer (C-CP) fiber spin-off tip method in isolating EVs from a diverse range of fruits and vegetables, including the Chinese herb ginger ( Jackson, Mata, & Marcus, 2023 ). Density gradient centrifugation is a recommended technique for the separation of high purity EVs.…”
Section: Separation Methods For Chm Vesiclesmentioning
“…Although not specifically applied to CE, Ken Marcus' group has recently presented several examples illustrating the advantages of capillary-channeled fibers for the preconcentration of extracellular vesicles from various sources [462,463].…”
This review is in support of the development of selective, precise, fast, and validated capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. It follows up a similar article from 1998, Wätzig H, Degenhardt M, Kunkel A. “Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications,” pointing out which fundamentals are still valid and at the same time showing the enormous achievements in the last 25 years. The structures of both reviews are widely similar, in order to facilitate their simultaneous use. Focusing on pharmaceutical and biological applications, the successful use of CE is now demonstrated by more than 600 carefully selected references. Many of those are recent reviews; therefore, a significant overview about the field is provided. There are extra sections about sample pretreatment related to CE and microchip CE, and a completely revised section about method development for protein analytes and biomolecules in general. The general strategies for method development are summed up with regard to selectivity, efficiency, precision, analysis time, limit of detection, sample pretreatment requirements, and validation.
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