In vivo, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) modulates the IGFs' bioavailability and may contribute to their delivery to peripheral tissues. In rat and human hepatocytes, glucocorticoids stimulate IG-FBP-1 gene transcription through homologous glucocorticoid response units (GRU). Transfection experiments have shown that one of these, GRU2 (nucleotide (nt) ؊121 to ؊85 and nt ؊111 to ؊74 in human and rat promoters, respectively), was on its own able to mediate the glucocorticoid response in rat but not in human species ( . A close comparison of GRU2 sequences has pointed out a C to A transition in the underlying GREII, which creates a GATC tetranucleotide in rat species. This tetranucleotide is submitted to adenosyl methylation (dam methylation) in most Escherichia coli bacterial strains, but not in eucaryotic cells. We showed (i) that on its own, the unmethylated rat GRU2 (propagated in dam E. coli strains) was inactive, as is the case for its human counterpart (nonsignificant glucocorticoid inductions, 1.48 ؎ 0.23 and 1.7 ؎ 0.35-fold in Chinese hamster ovary cells, respectively) and (ii) that its adenosyl methylation in standard dam ؉ bacterial strains yielded a functional GRU (6.5 ؎ 1.1 and 13.1 ؎ 3.9-fold glucocorticoid inductions in Chinese hamster ovary and HepG2 cells, respectively). Transient transfection in HepG2 hepatoma cells clearly showed that the interaction of liver-enriched trans-acting factor(s) with the 5-overlapping insulin response element does not enable the unmethylated rat GRU2 or the human GRU2 to become responsive to glucocorticoids (nonsignificant 2.21 ؎ 0.48 and 1.20 ؎ 0.06-fold induction, respectively). Furthermore, we have correlated these functional data with in vitro DNA-protein interaction studies: the dam methylated rat GREII displayed a 2.8-fold higher affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor than its unmethylated counterpart.Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) 1 belongs to a family of six related proteins that bind the IGFs (IGF-I and -II) with high affinity and thus modulate their bioavailability both in the serum and in extracellular fluids, inhibit or potentiate their actions and possibly confer tissue specificity (1, 2) (also reviewed in Ref.3).In vivo, serum IGFBP-1 is thought to play an important role in the short term modulation of IGFs' bioavailability. Accordingly, its abundance is rapidly regulated and may vary by more than 10-fold in normal subjects (4). In addition, perfusion studies point out a role for circulating IGFBP-1 to deliver IGFs to peripheral tissues (5). During the perinatal period and in adults, serum IGFBP-1 is primarily synthesized in hepatocytes (6 -9). In vivo and in vitro, the hepatic production of IGFBP-1 is regulated by multiple factors (glucocorticoids, cAMP agonists, insulin, and growth hormone) (10 -12) and appears to be correlated to the abundance of its mRNA; IGFBP-1 transcripts increase after glucocorticoid treatment and in diabetic animals and decrease after insulin treatment (13-15).Regulation of IGFBP-...