A rapid and simple electrochemical detection of the free drug concentration in human serum using boron-doped diamond electrodes

Moriyama, HIdeto; Ogata, Genki; Nashimoto, Haruma; Sawamura, Seishiro; Furukawa, Yukio; Hibino, Hiroshi; Kusuhara, Hiroyuki; Einaga, Yasuaki

doi:10.1039/d2an01037b

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…More than 60 types of substances, such as plasma proteins, including albumin, antibodies, and coagulation factors, occur in plasma at concentrations of 67–83 mg mL –1 , of which albumin displays a maximum concentration of 35–55 mg mL –1 . As the protein binding rate of DOX is 75%, the peak current is likely lower in plasma than that in PBS because only free DOX is electrochemically measurable . In addition, proteins such as albumin in plasma mask the electrode surface, except the imprinted cavities (Figure S15), and thus, only DOX incorporated into the imprinted cavities of the MIP causes a reaction signal, resulting in a sharper peak. − The same measurements were performed using the MIP–BDD electrode in a PBS solution containing 50 mg mL –1 bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is a concentration of albumin similar to that in human plasma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We utilized BDD, which is characterized by a wide potential window, small background current, and high stability and biofouling resistance, as the electrode material. The multifunctional electrode material, BDD, has been used as a drug sensor recently. − Doxorubicin (DOX) (Figure S1(a)) hydrochloride, which is an anthracycline anticancer drug, was used as the target substance. DOX is used in treating various malignancies, such as breast and ovarian carcinomas and acute lymphoblastic leukemia .…”

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Designing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Highly Selective Electrochemical Drug Sensors

Ishii,

Ogata,

Yamamoto

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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Drug detection in biological solutions is essential in studying the pharmacokinetics of the body. Electrochemical detection is an accurate and rapid method, but measuring multiple drugs that react at similar potentials is challenging. Herein, we developed an electrochemical sensor using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to provide specificity in drug sensing. The MIP is a polymer material designed to recognize and capture template molecules, enabling the selective detection of target molecules. In this study, we selected the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) as the template molecule. In the electrochemical measurements using an unmodified BDD, the DOX reduction was observed at approximately −0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Other drugs, i.e., mitomycin C or clonazepam (CZP), also underwent a reduction reaction at a similar potential to that of DOX, when using the unmodified BDD, which rendered the accurate quantification of DOX in a mixture challenging. Similar measurements conducted in PBS using the MIP−BDD only resulted in a DOX reduction current, with no reduction reaction observed in the presence of mitomycin C and CZP. These results suggest that the MIP, whose template molecule is DOX, inhibits the reduction of other drugs on the electrode surface. Selective DOX measurement using the MIP−BDD was also possible in human plasma, and the respective limits of detection of DOX in PBS and human plasma were 32.10 and 16.61 nM. The MIP−BDD was durable for use in six repeated measurements, and MIP−BDD may be applicable as an electrochemical sensor for application in therapeutic drug monitoring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Designing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Highly Selective Electrochemical Drug Sensors

Ishii,

Ogata,

Yamamoto

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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“…The oxidation response is likely induced by the formation of a hydroxylated product from an amine group found in the aminobenzenesulfonamide moiety of the compound [ 50 , 57 ]. This product can be further oxidized into quinones, which can be subsequently reduced at negative potentials [ 56 , 58 ]. Several other tyrosine kinase inhibitors possess an aminobenzene structure; indeed, imatinib and axitinib are both electrochemically detectable [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A strategy for low-cost portable monitoring of plasma drug concentrations using a sustainable boron-doped-diamond chip

Saiki

Ogata

Sawamura

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…The preparation methods for the BDD electrodes closely followed the procedures used in prior studies. ,− BDD electrodes were fabricated by using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system (model AX5250M, ASTex, Inc.). A mixture of acetone and trimethoxyborane (B(OCH 3 ) 3 ) served as the carbon (C) and boron (B) source, maintaining a B/C ratio of 1%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurement of Antiglaucoma Drugs in Porcine Eyes Using Boron-Doped Diamond Microelectrodes

Ogata,

Yoneda,

Ogawa

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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The primary treatment for glaucoma, the most common cause of intermediate vision impairment, involves administering ocular hypotensive drugs in the form of topical eye drops. Observing real-time changes in the drugs that pass through the cornea and reach the anterior chamber of the eye is crucial for improving and developing safe, reliable, and effective medical treatments. Traditional methods for measuring temporal changes in drug concentrations in the aqueous humor employ separation analyzers such as LC−MS/MS. However, this technique requires multiple measurements on the eyes of various test subjects to track changes over time with a high temporal resolution. To address this issue, we have developed a measurement method that employs boron-doped diamond (BDD) microelectrodes to monitor real-time drug concentrations in the anterior chamber of the eye. First, we confirmed the electrochemical reactivity of 13 antiglaucoma drugs in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 7.4. Next, we optimized the method for continuous measurement of timolol maleate (TIM), a sympathetic beta-receptor antagonist, and generated calibration curves for each BDD microelectrode using aqueous humor collected from enucleated porcine eyes. We successfully demonstrated the continuous ex vivo monitoring of TIM concentrations in the anterior chambers of these enucleated porcine eyes. The results indicate that changes in intracameral TIM concentrations can be monitored through electrochemical measurements using BDD microelectrodes. This technique holds promise for future advancements in optimizing glaucoma treatment and drug administration strategies.

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A rapid and simple electrochemical detection of the free drug concentration in human serum using boron-doped diamond electrodes

Abstract: Monitoring drug concentration in the blood and reflecting this in the dosage is crucial for safe and effective drug treatment. Most drug assays are based on total concentrations of bound...

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Designing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Highly Selective Electrochemical Drug Sensors

Designing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Highly Selective Electrochemical Drug Sensors

A strategy for low-cost portable monitoring of plasma drug concentrations using a sustainable boron-doped-diamond chip

Real-Time Measurement of Antiglaucoma Drugs in Porcine Eyes Using Boron-Doped Diamond Microelectrodes

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