A rapid and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of vanillic acid in rat plasma with application to pharmacokinetic study

Abstract

Vanillic acid, a phenolic compound isolated from Angelica sinensis and green tea, exhibits excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the determination of vanillic acid in rat plasma. Plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Zorbax RRHD Eclipse Plus C 18 column (2.1 Â 100 mm, 1.8 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min, using mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B).Vanillic acid and caffeic acid (internal standard, IS) were quantified by multiple reaction monitoring in negative ion mode. The method was fully validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 2-1,000 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of >0.99. The carryover, matrix effect, extraction recovery, dilution effect, intra-and interday precision and accuracy were within acceptable limits. The method was then applied to a pharmacokinetic study of vanillic acid in rats. After oral administration at doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg, the plasma concentration reached peaks of 0.42 ± 0.09, 0.73 ± 0.21 and 0.92 ± 0.28 μg/ml at the time of 0.55-0.64 h, respectively. The oral bioavailability was calculated as 25.3-36.2% in rat plasma. The result provided pre-clinical information for further application of vanillic acid.

Physiological Effects of Green-Colored Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

“…Lastly, VA has significantly increased plasma concentrations and urinary excretions after oral administration [196]. The oral bioavailability of VA was calculated to be 25.3~36.2% in rat plasma, and it was quickly absorbed into the system circulation and slowly discharged from the blood [197]. It is worth noting that different physiological and/or pathophysiological conditions of animals and humans can also have a great impact on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of such compounds.…”

Response surface optimization of a cardioprotective compound through pharmacosomal drug delivery system: in vivo bioavailability and cardioprotective activity potential

“…However, VA has poor solubility which leads to its poor bioavailability, of about 25% [7], as it is well known for its dissolution rate-limited bioavailability [8]. Thus, the formulation of VA into nanocarriers could help in the enhancement of its bioavailability.…”

Vanillic Acid Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Enhancing NO Signaling Pathways

“…[12][13][14] Vanillic acid (VA) is a phenolic compound that is widely distributed in edible plants and fruits. 15,16 It has been associated with a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antihypotensive, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and antiapoptotic. [17][18][19][20] In our previous study, the arginase inhibitory properties of phenolic compounds were reported.…”