A randomized trial of functional electrical stimulation for walking in incomplete spinal cord injury: Effects on walking competency

Abstract

Task-oriented training improves walking ability in individuals with incomplete SCI, even in the chronic stage. Further randomized controlled trials, involving a large number of participants are needed, to verify if FES-assisted treadmill training is superior to aerobic and strength training.

Modular control of gait after incomplete spinal cord injury: differences between sides

“…Their clinical characteristics and functional gait performance were evaluated using the following scales: lower extremity motor score (LEMS), which analyzes five key muscles in each leg, with a cumulative score for each extremity being between 0 and 25 and a total score from 0 and 50; the walking index for spinal cord injury II (WISCI II), which assesses the level of walking depending on the use of devices, braces and physical assistance to walk 10 m, on a scale from 0 to 20; 10-m walking test (10MWT), which measures the time spent to walk 10 m at self-selected speed and using the usual walking devices; timed up and go (TUG), which measures the time spent to stand up from a chair, walking 3 m, turn around, return to the chair and sit down again at self-selected speed and using the habitual walking devices; and the spinal cord independence measure (SCIM), which is a disability scale for SCI 3,7,30 (Table 1).…”

Functional electrical stimulation as a safe and effective treatment for equine epaxial muscle spasms: Clinical evaluations and histochemical morphometry of mitochondria in muscle biopsies

“…used extensively over several decades as an effective means to reduce or reverse muscle atrophy and to obtain some functional recovery by rehabilitation strategies for spinal cord injury patients, [1][2][3][4][5] including those paraplegics with permanent and complete denervation of the legs (complete Conus and Cauda Equina Syndrome). [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The benefits of this technology are being expanded into other areas, and FES has been recently utilized for injury rehabilitation and performance enhancement in horses.…”

Validation of the Dutch clinical prediction rule for ambulation outcomes in an inpatient setting following traumatic spinal cord injury

“…8 Compared with patients with an American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A or B SCI, patients with an AIS C or D injury have a greater potential to recover to a higher level of function, including the ability to walk. 9 Also, patients with an AIS D SCI are more likely to be able to walk regardless of the injury level.…”