A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet vs Orlistat Plus a Low-Fat Diet for Weight Loss

Yancy, William S.; Westman, Eric; McDuffie, Jennifer R; Grambow, Steven C.; Jeffreys, Amy S.; Bolton, Jamiyla; Chalecki, Allison M.; Oddone, Eugene Z.

doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.492

Cited by 136 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In a 6-month study of adults on low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets, the only adverse effects noted were an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, shakiness, and uneasiness [78]. In another trial, only 3 out of 72 adult patients on ketogenic diets for 1 year had adverse effects, with two showing elevated LDL cholesterol and one developing a kidney stone [79]. Another expected change associated with ketogenic diets is elevated blood ketones.…”

Section: Proposed Mechanism Of Action Of Ketogenic Diet In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant cancer therapy: History and potential mechanism

et al. 2014

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Cancer cells, relative to normal cells, demonstrate significant alterations in metabolism that are proposed to result in increased steady-state levels of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2•−and H2O2. It has also been proposed that cancer cells increase glucose and hydroperoxide metabolism to compensate for increased levels of ROS. Given this theoretical construct, it is reasonable to propose that forcing cancer cells to use mitochondrial oxidative metabolism by feeding ketogenic diets that are high in fats and low in glucose and other carbohydrates, would selectively cause metabolic oxidative stress in cancer versus normal cells. Increased metabolic oxidative stress in cancer cells would in turn be predicted to selectively sensitize cancer cells to conventional radiation and chemotherapies. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the hypothesis that ketogenic diets may be safely used as an adjuvant therapy to conventional radiation and chemotherapies and discusses the proposed mechanisms by which ketogenic diets may enhance cancer cell therapeutic responses.

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Section: Proposed Mechanism Of Action Of Ketogenic Diet In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant cancer therapy: History and potential mechanism

et al. 2014

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“…24 We assumed a standard deviation of approximately 24.8 kg at 3 months, a correlation of 0.90 between baseline and 3-month weights, and a 3-month attrition rate of 10%. 25 With an α = 0.05 (two-sided), a sample size of 300 per arm yielded 80% power to detect a clinically meaningful 2.7 kg difference in weight between arms. 26 Following intention-to-treat standards, participants were analyzed in their assigned arms, regardless of risk counseling attendance.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Testing and Counseling Reduce Modifiable Risk Factors? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Veterans

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVE:We examined the clinical utility of supplementing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) risk counseling with DM genetic test results and counseling. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, non-diabetic overweight/obese veteran outpatients aged 21 to 65 years received DM risk estimates for lifetime risk, family history, and fasting plasma glucose, followed by either genetic test results (CR+G; N = 303) or control eye disease counseling (CR+EYE; N = 298). All participants received brief lifestyle counseling encouraging weight loss to reduce the risk of DM. RESULTS: The mean age was 54 years, 53% of participants were black, and 80% were men. There was no difference between arms in weight (estimated mean difference between CR+G vs. CR+EYE at 3 months = 0.2 kg, 95% CI: −0.3 to 0.7; at 6 months = 0.4 kg, 95 % CI: −0.3 to 1.1), insulin resistance, perceived risk, or physical activity at 3 or 6 months. Calorie and fat intake were lower in the CR+G arm at 3 months (p's ≤ 0.05) but not at 6 months (p's > 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: Providing patients with genetic test results was not more effective in changing patient behavior to reduce the risk of DM compared to conventional risk counseling. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01060540 http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01060540

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“…For the LCD, carbohydrate intake was initially restricted to approximately 20 grams per day, but calories were not restricted (7,22). Participants were instructed how to increase carbohydrate intake gradually as they neared their weight loss goal or if cravings threatened adherence.…”

Section: Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Allowing Choice of Diet on Weight Loss

Yancy¹,

Mayer²,

Smith³

et al. 2015

Ann Intern Med

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Correspondence and reprint requests: William S. Yancy, Jr. MD, VA Medical Center (152), 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC 27705. Tel: 011-1-919-286-6936. Fax: 011-1-919-416-5836. yancy006@mc Publisher's Disclaimer: This is the prepublication, author-produced version of a manuscript accepted for publication in Annals of Internal Medicine. This version does not include post-acceptance editing and formatting. The American College of Physicians, the publisher of Annals of Internal Medicine, is not responsible for the content or presentation of the author-produced accepted version of the manuscript or any version that a third party derives from it. Readers who wish to access the definitive published version of this manuscript and any ancillary material related to this manuscript (e.g., correspondence, corrections, editorials, linked articles) should go to Annals.org or to the print issue in which the article appears. Those who cite this manuscript should cite the published version, as it is the official version of record.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01152359. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs VA Author ManuscriptVA Author Manuscript VA Author ManuscriptBackground-Choosing rather than being prescribed a diet could improve weight loss.

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A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet vs Orlistat Plus a Low-Fat Diet for Weight Loss

Abstract: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00108524.

Cited by 136 publications

References 35 publications

Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant cancer therapy: History and potential mechanism

Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant cancer therapy: History and potential mechanism

Does Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Testing and Counseling Reduce Modifiable Risk Factors? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Veterans

Effect of Allowing Choice of Diet on Weight Loss

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