A Randomized Trial Comparing Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Exercise With a Health Education Program in Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis

Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype

“…This incorporates prior research demonstrating pairwise associations between each two components in the cycle (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). This hypothesized cycle of frailty, representing an adverse, potentially downward spiral of energetics, is consistent with the clinical markers of frailty identified by geriatricians and gerontologists (1-16) and our findings and others' proposals (46,52,53) of an intermediate and later stage of frailty in community-dwelling older adults.…”

“…There is a growing consensus that markers of frailty include age-associated declines in F lean body mass, strength, endurance, balance, walking performance, and low activity (9,10,(14)(15)(16)(17), and that multiple components must be present clinically to constitute frailty (9,14). Many of these factors are related (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31) and can be unified, theoretically, into a cycle of frailty associated with declining energetics and reserve ( Figure 1). The core elements of this cycle are those commonly identified as clinical signs and symptoms of frailty (9,10,(14)(15)(16).…”

Physical activity levels among the general US adult population and in adults with and without arthritis

“…Despite the fact that multiple clinical trials have shown that PA and exercise are beneficial for people with arthritis, almost one-third of persons with arthritis are completely inactive, and only one-quarter get enough PA to comply with national PA recommendations (13)(14)(15)(16)). Yet, it is possible for persons with arthritis to meet the national recommendations by engaging in moderate types of joint friendly PA such as walking, gardening, bicycling, and swimming.…”

“…Because arthritis is the leading cause of disability, one benefit of increasing PA levels may be decreasing the development of arthritis-related disability (17). Evidence from randomized clinical trials suggests that PA, both aerobic and resistive exercise, benefits persons with knee osteoarthritis, contributing to modest improvements in disability, physical performance, and pain (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

“…Participation in PA delays the onset of functional limitation (9,10), prevents obesity (11), and is essential for normal joint health (12,13). In addition, PA has been shown to reduce pain and disability among persons with arthritis and increase their physical performance and self efficacy (14,15). Yet, persons with arthritis often resist PA messages because activity may initially increase pain or because they were told, inappropriately, not to be physically active.…”