A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on the effects of (−)-epicatechin on the triglyceride/HDLc ratio and cardiometabolic profile of subjects with hypertriglyceridemia: Unique in vitro effects

Gutiérrez-Salmeán, Gabriela; Meaney, Eduardo; Lanaspa, Miguel A.; Cicerchi, Christina; Johnson, Richard J.; Dugar, Sundeep; Taub, Pam R.; Ramírez-Sánchez, Israel; Villarreal, Francisco; Schreiner, George F.; Ceballos, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.158

Cited by 45 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Another study conducted by the same group confirmed that, when consuming two capsules of 25 mg EC twice a day orally, human subject with hypertriglyceridemia displayed a significantly drop of TG by 75 mg/dL. The TG/HDL ratio also decreased in EC subjects [28]. But at a much higher dose (0.01 mol/kg BW), EC diet failed to alter the elevated TG by high-fat diet in mice [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

(‐)‐Epicatechin regulates blood lipids and attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats fed high‐fat diet

Cheng

Zhao

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

(‐)‐Epicatechin regulates blood lipids and attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats fed high‐fat diet

Cheng

Zhao

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…By considering criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 22 articles were excluded due to following reasons: not having a control group ( N = 3; Alghadir, Gabr, & Al‐Eisa, ; Lee et al, ; Sung et al, ), intervention less than 1 day ( N = 3; Alexopoulos et al, ; Hsu et al, ; Koutelidakis et al, ), and using other nutrients beside green tea in the intervention group ( N = 16; Bakker et al, ; Braga et al, ; Cialdella‐Kam et al, ; de Jesus Romero‐Prado et al, ; Dominiak, McKinney, Heilbrun, & Sarkar, ; Kim et al, ; Madaric et al, ; Nieman et al, ; Nieman et al, ; Ormsbee et al, ; Peluso et al, ; Rondanelli et al, ; Rubio‐Perez, Albaladejo, Zafrilla, Vidal‐Guevara, & Morillas‐Ruiz, ; Scolaro et al, ; Soriano‐Maldonado, Hidalgo, Arteaga, de Pascual‐Teresa, & Nova, ; Thomas, Williams, Sharma, Chaudry, & Bellamy, ; Figure ). Therefore, 17 articles were included in our systematic review (Basu et al, ; Bogdanski et al, ; de Maat et al, ; Dower et al, ; Fukino et al, ; Fukino, Shimbo, Aoki, Okubo, & Iso, ; Gutierrez‐Salmean et al, ; Hu et al, ; Hussain, Habib Ur, & Akhtar, ; Mielgo‐Ayuso et al, ; Mombaini & Jafarirad, ; Nogueira, Nogueira Neto, Klein, & Sanjuliani, ; Oyama et al, ; Oyama, Maeda, Sasaki, et al, ; Ryu et al, ; Shin et al, ; Sone et al, ); because the article by Ryu et al () did not report baseline values, we did not include it in our meta‐analysis (Table ). Interventions were performed by taking both green tea leaves and green tea extract.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total, 16 articles with 887 participants measured hs‐CRP (Basu et al, ; Bogdanski et al, ; de Maat et al, ; Dower et al, ; Fukino et al, ; Fukino et al, ; Gutierrez‐Salmean et al, ; Hu et al, ; Hussain et al, ; Mielgo‐Ayuso et al, ; Mombaini & Jafarirad, ; Nogueira et al, ; Oyama, Maeda, Kouzuma, et al, ; Ryu et al, ; Shin et al, ; Sone et al, ), seven articles with 302 participants measured IL‐6 (Basu et al, ; de Maat et al, ; Dower et al, ; Mombaini & Jafarirad, ; Nogueira et al, ; Oyama, Maeda, Sasaki, et al, ; Ryu et al, ), and six articles with 256 participants measured TNF‐α (Bogdanski et al, ; de Maat et al, ; Dower et al, ; Mombaini & Jafarirad, ; Nogueira et al, ; Oyama, Maeda, Sasaki, et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of green tea on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

Haghighatdoost

Hariri

2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Catechin in green tea might be able to reduce inflammatory mediators; therefore, in this study, we aimed to indicate green tea effects on inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The advanced search methods of electronic databases were used to find randomized clinical trials that assessed green tea effect on inflammatory mediators among adult population. Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science were searched until January 2019. Delphi checklist was used for assessing the quality of included articles. Mean changes in serum inflammatory biomarkers were calculated by subtracting endpoint values from the baseline in each study arm. Then the effect size for each selected study was estimated as the difference between mean changes in the intervention and control groups. We included 16 articles in our meta‐analysis and 17 articles in systematic review. Our results indicated that green tea could not significantly decrease serum CRP levels and significantly increased IL‐6 and significantly decreased TNF‐α levels. In conclusion, green tea might not be able to change inflammatory mediators especially in diseases with low inflammation, but scientists who want to assess green tea effect on inflammatory mediators should perform their study on patients with high inflammation. Studies exclusive on male or female and considering nutrients intake as a confounding factor are a necessity.

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“…Since the completion of this meta-analysis, additional RCTs investigating the effects of tea or cocoa products containing flavanols on lipid and anthropometric variables have been added to the existing literature [111,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183]. The heterogeneity of these trials remains high with population samples including mixed sexes and ages, obese, overweight, healthy, hyperlipidemic and/or diabetic subjects, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Flavanol-Containing Tea, Cocoa and Apple Products on Body Composition and Blood Lipids: Exploring the Factors Responsible for Variability in Their Efficacy

et al. 2017

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Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses support the benefits of flavanols on cardiometabolic health, but the factors affecting variability in the responses to these compounds have not been properly assessed. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to systematically collect the RCTs-based-evidence of the effects of flavanol-containing tea, cocoa and apple products on selected biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and to explore the influence of various factors on the variability in the responses to the consumption of these products. A total of 120 RCTs were selected. Despite a high heterogeneity, the intake of the flavanol-containing products was associated using a random model with changes (reported as standardized difference in means (SDM)) in body mass index (−0.15, p < 0.001), waist circumference (−0.29, p < 0.001), total-cholesterol (−0.21, p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (−0.23, p < 0.001), and triacylglycerides (−0.11, p = 0.027), and with an increase of HDL-cholesterol (0.15, p = 0.005). Through subgroup analyses, we showed the influence of baseline-BMI, sex, source/form of administration, medication and country of investigation on some of the outcome measures and suggest that flavanols may be more effective in specific subgroups such as those with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, non-medicated individuals or by specifically using tea products. This meta-analysis provides the first robust evidence of the effects induced by the consumption of flavanol-containing tea, cocoa and apple products on weight and lipid biomarkers and shows the influence of various factors that can affect their bioefficacy in humans. Of note, some of these effects are quantitatively comparable to those produced by drugs, life-style changes or other natural products. Further, RCTs in well-characterized populations are required to fully comprehend the factors affecting inter-individual responses to flavanol and thereby improve flavanols efficacy in the prevention of cardiometabolic disorders.

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A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on the effects of (−)-epicatechin on the triglyceride/HDLc ratio and cardiometabolic profile of subjects with hypertriglyceridemia: Unique in vitro effects

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

(‐)‐Epicatechin regulates blood lipids and attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats fed high‐fat diet

(‐)‐Epicatechin regulates blood lipids and attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats fed high‐fat diet

The effect of green tea on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Flavanol-Containing Tea, Cocoa and Apple Products on Body Composition and Blood Lipids: Exploring the Factors Responsible for Variability in Their Efficacy

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